An investigation of terrestrial bryophyte species diversity and community structure along an altitudinal gradient from 2,001 to 4,221 m a.s.l. in Gongga Mountain in Sichuan, China was carried out in June 2010. Factors which might affect bryophyte species composition and diversity, including climate, elevation, slope, depth of litter, vegetation type, soil pH and soil Eh, were examined to unders...

The monitoring and prediction of biodiversity and environmental changes is constrained by the availability of accurate and spatially contiguous climatic variables at fine temporal and spatial grains. In this study, we evaluate best practices for generating gridded, one-kilometer resolution, daily maximum air temperature surfaces in a regional context, the state of Oregon, USA. Covariates used i...

We present a multi-resolution approach to update and refine coarse 3D models of urban environments from a sequence of intensity images using surface parallax. A coarse and potentially incomplete depth map of the scene obtained from a Digital Elevation Map (DEM) is used as a reference surface which is refined and updated using this approach. We first estimate the camera motion using the referenc...

Abstract. For the construction of digital terrain models based on surface interpolation, it is defined a bivariate function that interpolates a finite set of sample points, , such that, . In this work, it is presented a strategy for the generation of interpolation surfaces through the use of basis functions. This methodology is based on a work by Chaturvedi and Piegl, where improvements related...

INTRODUCTION Anterior and posterior corneal elevations are measurements used to detect keratoconus suspects. PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of Orbscan II and Pentacam when assessing their elevation maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of the Orbscan II and Pentacam measuring the anterior and posterior corneal elevations were evaluated in a sample of 68 eyes. The concordance between t...

due to urbanization and population increase, need for metro tunnels, has been considerably increased in urban areas. estimating the surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation is an important task especially where the tunnels are excavated in urban areas or beneath important structures. many models have been established for this purpose by extracting the relationship between the settlement a...

Topographic parameters in glacier inventories are a requirement to analyze glacier characteristics and are of vital importance for several subsequent applications. To obtain the topographic information a digital elevation model (DEM) is required; however, in many regions of the world no national or local DEM of sufficient quality is available. With the SRTM DEM and the ASTER Global Digital Elev...

Differential temperature changes with altitude can shed light on the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic climatic change. There has been heightened interest in this subject recently due to the finding that high-elevation tropical glaciers have been retreating and that significant melting from even the highest alpine regions has occurred in some areas during the past 20 years or ...

In some tsunami waves travelling over the ocean, such as the one approaching the eastern coast of Japan in 2011, the sea surface of the ocean is depressed by a small meter-scale displacement over a multi-kilometer horizontal length scale, lying in front of a positive elevation of comparable magnitude and length, which together constitute a down-up or “breather” wave. Shallow water theory shows ...

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of humeral elevation of the non-throwing arm in relation to maximum ball velocity (MBV) in unconstrained overarm throws in children aged 12-14. 3D motion analysis was used to investigate the throwing technique of 144 students. The group was classified as ‘skilled’ or ‘less skilled’ based on MBV at release. Joints kinematics and timing of segmen...