BACKGROUND Modern medicine has created a need for innovative methods of training that create safe, proficient specialists with adequate experience, and who are fit for purpose in this new system. Patient safety and patient-focused care are central to current practice and promoted by the use of simulation, human factors, team-based, multidisciplinary and interspecialty training. An acknowledgeme...

most ‘objective’ research – such as eye tracking analyses or double-blind randomized controlled trials – has subjective dimensions: it is necessarily influenced by human interpretation, from the wording of the question asked, to the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the sampling and the selection of statistical tests [2]. Second, we respectfully disagree with Van Merriënboer’s marginalization of ...

BACKGROUND Regulatory and professional bodies issue an ever-increasing number of guidance documents on the ethics and methods of clinical trials, but the quality of clinical trials of invasive therapeutic procedures continues to be a concern. We interviewed aspiring and accomplished surgical trialists to understand how they use guidance documents and other resources in their work. METHODS We ...

BACKGROUND The implementation of duty-hour restrictions and a heightened awareness of patient safety has changed resident education and training. A new focus has been placed on high-yield training programs and simulation training has naturally grown to fill this need. METHODS This article discusses the development of a training framework, knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and the design of a ...

Challenges facing surgical practice in the immediate future will not only be in the fields of clinical and operative surgical techniques, but will also involve a new complexity of clinical, para-clinical and economical issues. The impact of casemix, clinical carepaths, evidence-based medicine, high-technological advances, minimally invasive surgery, teleconferencing, robotic surgery, etc will t...

Surgical education has always been challenging and is being made more difficult with the changes in the surgical environment. In the past decade, the number of patients available for educational purposes has decreased because of the development of technology that has significantly reduced their time of stay in the hospital and has also moved many surgical procedures to ambulatory services. Tech...

Background Nursing students in the clinical setting experience a high level of stress. The understanding of people involved in nursing education, from coping strategies of nursing students with clinical stress, is highly important for any kind of planning in this field. Objective To explore the coping strategies of Iranian nursing students with stress in a clinical setting. Methods This qua...

OBJECTIVE In this review I describe the history leading to the creation of the subspecialty of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery and its fellowships, the process involved in the current requirements for subspecialty certification and fellowship applications, and the implications for urological training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The route to subspecialty certification and fellow...