When determining the recovery efficiency of a procedure for the detection of Cryptosporidium or the removal efficiency of a treatment process, it is necessary to accurately enumerate a 'seed dose'. Conventional techniques for this are highly variable and consequently, can result in misleading data. In this study, a flow cytometric method was developed for the production of suspensions of Crypto...

Automated 5' nuclease probe-based (TaqMan) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures using a MagNA Pure LC were evaluated for foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus diagnosis during the United Kingdom (UK) 2001 epidemic. Epithelial suspensions (ES), serum or whole blood, milk and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid (“probang”) samples submitted to the OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory f...

Simple fluids such as gases and liquids are the result of collisions between molecules. More complex fluids, such as granular flows and colloidal suspensions (non-Newtonian fluids), result from the more complex collision (or interaction) behaviors of their constituent particles. In this paper it is demonstrated that collision rules can be constructed for large chunks of fluid material (eddies) ...

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose flow properties differ in many ways from those of Newtonian fluids. Most commonly the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is not independent of shear rate or shear rate history. In practice, many fluid materials exhibits non-Newtonian fluid behavior such as: salt solutions, molten, ketchup, custard, toothpaste, starch suspensions, paint, blood, and shampoo e...

The anisotropic structure of fluidized suspensions is governed by their microstructures which are in turn determined by the dynamics of particle pair interactions. Here, we present a numerical simulation of particle interaction in linearly stratified fluids. It is shown that unlike homogeneous fluids, stratification results in the attraction of particles settling abreast. The attraction between...

Drilling fluids are a vital part of every successful well construction operation. Water based used commonly due to better environmental compatibility, lower cost and easier preparation. In offshore drilling, seawater can be as the basis water fluids. Salinity restricts application some additives. For example, bentonite settles in saline environments. this study, synthetic is prepared on Persian...

Many foods involve complex suspensions of assorted particles in a Newtonian liquid or viscoelastic medium. In this work, we study the case non-Brownian non-interacting rigid particles: starch, embedded soft solid: colloidal lipid gel. We relate macroscopic properties to mechanics gel and particle volume fraction. As fraction increases, suspension gradually stiffens becomes brittle as system app...

Viscoelastic fluids, such as polymers, paints, and DNA suspensions, are almost everywhere very useful in the industry. This article aims to study significance of ramped temperature dynamics viscoelastic fluid. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect is considered presence Lorentz force. The flow a porous medium using generalized Darcy’s law. Heat transfers through convection, fluid near plate takes he...

B6D2F1/TRU mice were exposed to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aerosol that resulted in a 1-h-postexposure lung burden of about 290 ng of LPS. This exposure caused an accumulation of neutrophils in the lung that peaked between 6 and 12 h after exposure. To determine the potential role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in the induction of neutrophil accumulation by LPS, 10(6) AM from normal or LPS-expose...