The ongoing outbreak of swine-origin infl uenza A H1N1 in Mexico, the USA, and 40 other countries reminds us that the risk of an infl uenza pandemic is high and will persist in the future. The fi rst two cases of H1N1 infection in Southern California, USA, were reported on April 21, 2009. According to WHO’s estimation, seasonal infl uenza epidemics result in about 3 million to 5 million cases o...

BACKGROUND Infection with influenza A (H1N1)v (swine flu) has caused widespread anxiety, among patients who are potentially immunocompromised, such as those being treated for inflammatory bowel disease. AIM To provide guidance for physicians and their patients on the risk, prevention and management of influenza A (H1N1)v infection. METHODS Medline was searched using the following key words:...

N Engl J Med 2009;361:279­85. Copyright © 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society. On April 17, 2009, officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed two cases of swine influenza in children living in neighboring counties in California.1 Here we take a perspective from systems biology to review the series of evolutionary and epidemiologic events, starting in 1918, that le...

We report five cases of HIV infected children, who presented with flu-like symptoms and were diagnosed to have H1N1 infection (swine origin influenza). Four of these children were admitted with respiratory distress and pneumonia and were managed in swine flu isolation ICU. Two children required nonivasive ventilatory support. All children recovered completely and at discharge were referred for ...

OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the willingness to receive the Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine and its determinants in a large group of university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a self-administered questionnairre based cross-sectional study. Students being educated at health and non-health faculties were invited to participate in this attitude survey. RESULTS A total of 974 studen...

The 2009 H1N1 swine flu is the first influenza pandemic in decades. The crystal structure of the hemagglutinin from the A/California/04/2009 H1N1 virus shows that its antigenic structure, particularly within the Sa antigenic site, is extremely similar to those of human H1N1 viruses circulating early in the 20th century. The cocrystal structure of the 1918 hemagglutinin with 2D1, an antibody fro...

During the spring of 2009, a new influenza A (H1N1) virus of swine origin emerged and spread worldwide causing a pandemic influenza. Here, 329 naso-pharyngeal swabs collected from patients with flu-like symptoms were analyzed by real-time PCR for the presence of H1N1 2009 pandemic virus. Twenty-five samples collected from immunocompetent and immunodepressed patients contained the H1N1 pandemic ...

H1N1 swine influenza A virus (H1N1 SwIV) is one key subtype of influenza viruses with pandemic potential. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. MiRNAs relevant with H1N1 SwIV have rarely been reported. To understand the biological functions of miRNAs during H1N1 SwIV infection, this study profiled differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in pulmonary a...

During swine influenza virus surveillance in pigs in China during 2006-2009, we isolated subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 and found novel reassortment between contemporary swine and avian panzootic viruses. These reassortment events raise concern about generation of novel viruses in pigs, which could have pandemic potential.

A novel reassortant influenza A virus, H1avN2hu, has been found in Danish swine. The virus contains an H1 gene similar to the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H1N1 avian-like swine viruses and an N2 gene most closely related to the neuraminidase (NA) gene of human H3N2 viruses from the mid-1990s.