To maximize the use of 132 KV power transmission line infrastructures in Iraq, we design optical fiber network over it based on present and future traffic demand. We lay out the optical power ground wire (OPGW) with 36 fibers and architecture the optical network with 32 DWDM wavelength channels at 10 Gb/s each. Ethernet switching and impairment awareness are also implemented in the optical netw...

We report on the construction of a 1024 node switching network using IEEE1355 DS-Link technology. The nodes are interconnected by a switching fabric based on the STC104 packet switch. The system has been designed and constructed in a modular way in order to allow a variety of different network topologies to be investigated. Network throughput and latency have been studied for different topologi...

This study compares the performances of waveband protection and wavelength path protection in survivable hierarchical optical path networks. Network costs and the number of switching operations necessary are evaluated for different ratios of protected demand. Numerical results demonstrate that waveband protection can drastically decrease the number of switching operations in the case of failure...

a hydrophilic macromolecular network is prepared by performing graft copolymerization of poly (sodium acrylate) chains onto salep and silica gel. the reaction parameters affecting the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite were optimized using taguchi method. ft-ir spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (tga) were used for confirming the structure of the final product and morpho...

The deployment of optical fibers as a transmission medium aroused the problem of speed mismatching between transmission and switching. To build a large IP router with capacity of 1 Tb/s and beyond, either electronic or optical switching can be used. Optical communications with photonic switching are promising to provide high bandwidth and low error probability. The major obstacle in this regard...

This paper introduces a framework for the design, synthesis and cycle-accurate simulation for parallel computing networks of 128+ processors. In order to accurately characterize the network, we present a bottom-up design methodology in which each of the components are designed using a hardware description language and synthesized to an FPGA for performance estimation of the final ASIC implement...

Currently, traffic engineering means circuit or virtual circuit switched technology even in packet switched networks. The need for a simpler and more suitable device for IP networks is getting stronger. In this paper, we present a new architecture for IP layer traffic engineering called Core State Limited Load Sharing (CSLLS). Our solution is highly tunable between low complexity – low granular...

Optical packet switching based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) offers the possibility of increased granularity and more effective use bandwidth in large capacity systems, on scale of Tb/s. The natural integration of optical packet switching in photonic technology opens up the possibility of packet switching in transparent optical channels , where the packets remain from end-to-end in ...

The traditional circuit-switched telecommunication network and the packet-switched data network are converging to a single packet-switched network. One important application of the converged network is telephony communications, also referred to as VoIP (Voice over IP). Call signaling protocols, such as H.323, SIP and MGCP, have been developed to support VoIP communications. To enable devices us...

As Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is becoming a more widespread technology For providing virtual private network (VPN) services, MPLS architecture security is of increasing concern to service providers (SPs) and VPN customers. MPLS suffers from a number of security issues as soon as an attacker successfully penetrates the core. This paper provides an approach to enhance security in MPLS n...