The goal of a cognitive theory of modality assignment is to give a general account of the cognitive eeects of assigning information to diierent modalities. This is an ambitious goal, some might say too ambitious, but without some general framework, the multidisciplinary eeort which will undoubtedly be necessary for progress is likely to remain scattered and unrecognised. A more modest aim of th...

this article studies five major classical hollywood films: psycho, casablanca, double indemnity, the apartment and the searchers and ratiocinates that in this era of cinema history, directors conform with a series of principles, procedures and protocols in order to start the films and also describes that these principles are based on philosophical theories of human minds ways of reasoning. this...

This text intends to show: First: There is no theoretical unclarity surrounding the notion of family. Taken together, its spelling-out in Aristotle and St. Augustine is, as it were: perfect, intellectually completely satisfying. One could even go so far say that this a truth universally acknowledged among those who know what they are talking about. recapitulated with special stress on stringenc...

Classical quantifiers (e.g., “all”, “some” and “none”) have been extensively studied in logic and psychology. In contrast, generalized quantifiers (e.g., “most”) allow for fine-grained statements about quantities. The discrepancy in the underlying mental representation and its interpretation among interpreters can affect language use and reasoning. We investigated the effect of quantifier type,...

A common misunderstanding is that there is something logically amiss with the classical square of opposition, and that the problem is related to Aristotle’s and medieval philosophers’ rejection of empty terms. But [Parsons 2004] convincingly shows that most of these philosophers did not in fact reject empty terms, and that, when properly understood, there are no logical problems with the classi...

duction to a special issue based on the Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI) conference. Because IAAI is the premier venue for documenting the transition of AI technology into application, these special issues provide a snapshot of the state of the art in AI with the practical syllogism in mind; they present work that has value because it delivers value in use. As a result,...

Aristotle was the founder of modal logic. In his Prior Analytics, he developed a complex system of modal syllogistic. While influential, this system has been disputed since antiquity and is today widely regarded as incoherent or inconsistent. In view of this, Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic explores the prospects for understanding the modal syllogistic as a coherent and consistent system of modal...

The belief bias effect is a phenomenon which occurs when we think that we judge an argument based on our reasoning, but are actually influenced by our beliefs and prior knowledge. Evans, Barston and Pollard carried out a psychological syllogistic reasoning task to prove this effect. Participants were asked whether they would accept or reject a given syllogism. We discuss one specific case which...