several studies point to an important function of cyclooxygenase (cox) and prostaglandin signaling in models of synaptic plasticity which is associated with n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (nmdars). cyclooxygenase gene is suggested to be an immediate early gene that is tightly regulated in neurons by nmda dependent synaptic activity. nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (nsaids) exert their antiinf...

background and objective: evaluation of degenerative changes of motoneurons and their related synapses can be useful in understanding the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential treatment. the present electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study investigates the axotomy-induced changes of adult spinal motoneurons up to 3 months following sciatic nerve transection. mat...

the activity difference δ′ t and the regular temporal difference δ t never substantially affects the plasticity of a synapse. This happens, for instance, if there is only in fact one single reward right at the end of the trial [e.g. r t =0, t < T; r(T)=1]. In a simplification of the version of this that Rao and Sejnowski consider, r(T)=1 comes from an action potential, caused by a privileged in...

Topographic maps are a brain structure connecting pre-synpatic and post-synaptic regions. development is dependent on Hebbian-based plasticity mechanisms working in conjunction with spontaneous patterns of neural activity generated the pre-synaptic Studies performed mouse have shown that these can exhibit complex spatial-temporal structures which existing models cannot incorporate. Neural field...

Background: Myosin 7a is an actin-binding motor protein involved in the formation of hair-cell stereocilia both cochlea and vestibular system. Mutations myosin are linked to congenital hearing loss present 50% Type-1 Usher syndrome patients who suffer from progressive system dysfunction. Methods: often used visualise sensory hair cells due it...

Synapsin I is a neuronal phosphoprotein contained in the synaptic vesicles of mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. It regulates both neurotransmitter release and synaptic formation. Variations in synapsin I expression in the brain have been reported to cause brain malfunction. In severe malaria, neurological complications, such as convulsion, delirium and coma, suggest abnormalitie...

Voltage-dependent G-protein inhibition of presynaptic Ca(2+) channels is a key mechanism for regulating synaptic efficacy. G-protein betagamma subunits produce such inhibition by binding to and shifting channel opening patterns from high to low open probability regimes, known respectively as "willing" and "reluctant" modes of gating. Recent macroscopic electrophysiological data hint that only N...