Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by using different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is prepared by micromechanical cleavage, reduction of single-layer graphene oxide, chemical vapor deposition and other methods. Few-layer graphenes are synthesized by conversion of nanodiamond, arc discharge of graphite and other methods. In this article, we briefly overview the...

Current observations stimulate the production of fully three-dimensional explosion models, which in turn motivates three-dimensional spectrum synthesis for supernova atmospheres. We briefly discuss techniques adapted to address the latter problem, and consider some fundamentals of line formation in supernovae without recourse to spherical symmetry. Direct and detailed extensions of the techniqu...

The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been an interesting field of study for a long time. Heterocyclic nucleus 1,3,4-thiadiazole constitutes an important class of compounds for new drug development. The synthesis of novel thiadiazole derivatives and investigation of their chemical and biological behavior have gained more importance in recent decades. The search for antiepileptic compounds...

The challenge of balancing the competing objectives of allowing statistical analysis of confidential data and maintaining confidentiality is of great interest to national statistical agencies and other data custodians seeking to make their data available for research. This balance is often characterised as a trade-off between disclosure risk and data utility, where disclosure risk attempts to c...

With de novo rational drug design, scientists can rapidly generate a very large number of potentially biologically active probes. However, many of them may be synthetically infeasible and, therefore, of limited value to drug developers. On the other hand, most of the tools for synthetic accessibility evaluation are very slow and can process only a few molecules per minute. In this study, we pre...

Name ambiguity in the context of bibliographic citations is one of the hardest problems currently faced by the digital library community. Several methods have been proposed in the literature, but none of them provides the perfect solution for the problem. More importantly, basically all of these methods were tested in limited and restricted scenarios, which raises concerns about their practical...

The demonstration in the 1960's that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), or cisplatin, inhibits cellular division of Escherichia coli1 led to the subsequent discovery that this simple coordination compound is also an effective antitumor agent in mouse models.2 Subsequent studies validated cisplatin as an effective anticancer agent in humans as well,3–7 and FDA approval of cisplatin for the treatm...

This review describes the first method to prepare imidazolines from aldehydes and 1,2-diamines by condensation and successive oxidation using NBS in one-pot operation. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and can be applied to various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and 1,2-diamines. The utility of this method is also demonstrated in the total synthesis of spongotine A and the preparati...

Autocorrelation is shown to be useful in describing the periodic patterns found in high- resolution mass spectra of synthetic polymers. Examples of this usefulness are described for a simple linear homopolymer to demonstrate the method fundamentals, a condensation polymer to demonstrate its utility in understanding complex spectra with multiple repeating patterns on different mass scales, and a...