This minireview describes the synthesis, characterization and properties of aptamer–polymer conjugates. new class polymer bioconjugates combines advantages synthetic polymers folded nucleic acids.

Unnatural amino acids could be incorporated to expand the chemical, physical and biological properties of proteins to expand the function of life itself. There are two conceptual possibilities to achieve this goal: i). creation of orthogonal decoding rules running independently to the wildtype decoding rules to incorporate unnatural amino acids; and ii). de novo synthesis of a new genome with a...

The adenylate energy charge in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells increases when cells are cultivated in serum-limiting medium and decreases when they are incubated in glucose- or amino acid-limited media. Protein synthetic rates decrease in cells deprived of serum, glucose, or amino acids. Supplementation of deprived cells with respective nutrients restores normal protein synthetic rates and adenylat...

Authors M.E. Pintado, A.I.E. Pintado, and F.X. Malcata are affiliated with Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200 Porto, Portugal. Address inquiries to Dr. F.X. Malcata. ABSTRACT The rates were monitored on biomass increase, polysaccharide production and viscosity development of whey broth and a control synthetic broth d...

A complete synthetic medium containing 15 amino acids, a minimal synthetic medium (GAMS) containing 4 amino acids, and a supplemented minimal medium (GAMS + calcium pantothenate) have been developed for the cultivation of Hyphomicrobium neptunium ATCC 15444. Depending on the complexity of the synthetic media, generation times were approximately 2 to 3 times longer, and maximum cell densities we...

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been reassembled from two pieces, a large fragment 214 amino acids in length that is produced recombinantly (GFP 1-10) and a short synthetic peptide corresponding to the 11th stave of the beta-barrel that is 16 amino acids long (synthetic GFP 11), following a system developed by Waldo and co-workers (Cabantous, S.; et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 102-7) as ...

α-amino acids bearing aromatic side chains are important synthetic units in the synthesis of peptides and natural products. Although various β-C-H arylation methodologies for amino acid derivatives involving the assistance of directing groups have been extensively developed, syntheses that directly employ N-protected amino acids as starting materials remain rare. Herein, we report an N-acetylgl...

This paper presents chemical composition and aquatic toxicity characteristics of a commercial sample of naphthenic acids (NAs). Naphthenic acids are derived from the refining of petroleum middle distillates and can contribute to refinery effluent toxicity. NAs are also present in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), but differences in the NAs compositions from these sources precludes using ...