Missed, wrong or delayed diagnosis has a direct effect on patient safety. Diagnostic errors have been discussed at length, however it still lacks a systematic approach. This study proposed a more systematic way of studying diagnostic errors by using a causal loop diagram. A systematic review was used to find the key factors which may cause diagnostic errors and their interrelationships. A causa...

Passive microwave sensors onboard satellites can provide global snow water equivalent (SWE) observations day or night, even under cloudy conditions. However, there are both systematic (bias) and random errors associated with the passive microwave measurements. While these errors are well known, they have thus far not been adequately quantified. In this study, unbiased SWE maps, random error map...

We studied the effects of varying delay interval on the accuracy and velocity of saccades to the remembered locations of visual targets. Remembered saccades were less accurate than control saccades. Both systematic and variable errors contributed to the loss of accuracy. Systematic errors were similar in size for delay intervals ranging from 400 msec to 5.6 sec, but variable errors increased mo...

Roche tomography is a technique used for imaging the Roche-lobe filling secondary stars in cataclysmic variables (CVs). In order to interpret Roche tomograms correctly, one must determine whether features in the reconstruction are real, or due to statistical or systematic errors. We explore the effects of systematic errors using reconstructions of simulated datasets and show that systematic err...

NARL has active array radar which has been designed, developed and tested at 1280 MHz. This system comprises of planar microstrip patch antenna array fed by solid-state transreceiver (TR) modules, two-dimensional (2D) passive beam forming network (BFN) and direct IF digital receiver (DRx). Errors are the common factors that affect the data. The common errors are Random errors and Systemic error...

Introduction: Radiation therapy involves a multistep procedure; therefore, the error in patient set up is an inherent part of the treatment. Main purpose of this study was to determine the clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) in head and neck cancer patients. Material and Methods: A total of 15 patients who had daily p...

The present study is aimed at determination of accuracy of relocation of Gill-Thomas-Cosman frame during fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. The study aims to quantitatively determine the magnitudes of error in anteroposterior, mediolateral and craniocaudal directions, and determine the margin between clinical target volume to planning target volume based on systematic and random errors. Da...

BACKGROUND In ecologic studies, group-level rather than individual-level exposure data are used. When using group-level exposure data, established by sufficiently large samples of individual exposure assessments, the bias of the effect estimate due to sampling errors or random assessment errors at the individual-level is generally negligible. In contrast, systematic assessment errors may produc...

Grid-based solvers of the Poisson-Boltzmann, PB, equation are routinely used to estimate electrostatic binding, ΔΔGel, and solvation, ΔGel, free energies. The accuracies of such estimates are subject to grid discretization errors from the finite difference approximation to the PB equation. Here, we show that the grid discretization errors in ΔΔGel are more significant than those in ΔGel, and ca...

In this study we investigated the perception and production of line orientations in a vertical plane. Previous studies have shown that systematic errors are made when participants have to match oblique orientations visually and haptically. Differences in the setup for visual and haptic matching did not allow for a quantitative comparison of the errors. To investigate whether matching errors are...