Biologic agents used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are able to reduce both disease activity and radiographic progression of joint disease. These drugs are directed against several proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α , IL-6, and IL-1) which are involved both in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and progression of joint structural damage and in systemic and local bone loss typ...

Effective cancer treatment necessitates both high efficacy of local treatment and combating sub-clinical systemic disease. Consequently, cancer therapy today involves various combinations of local and systemic treatment modalities. Of those, combining drugs and radiation has been attracting particular attention both in terms of its biological rationale and its potential of increasing the therap...

The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery could, for example, allow topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment could be made more effective if it were possible for drugs to be targeted directly on the colon. Systemic side effects could also be reduced. Colon specific systems might also allow oral administration of peptide ...

Biologic therapies for rheumatologic diseases, which are targeted at molecules involved in the mechanisms of the immune system, provide an alternative to the existing treatment methods of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and other immunosuppressive medications. However, the current drawbacks of biologic therapies, including the inconvenience of intravenous administration, the high costs o...

OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. SETTING Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). PARTICIPANTS 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug...

Despite decades of clinical trials for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), patient survival does not exceed 10% at two years post-diagnosis. Lack of benefit from systemic chemotherapy may be attributed to an intact bloodbrain barrier (BBB). We aim to develop a theoretical model including relevant physicochemical properties in order to review whether applied chemotherapeutics are suitable f...

An enormous number of drugs are introduced to the market every year and practically it is not feasible to avoid potential drug interactions. These drug interactions can lead to altered systemic exposure, resulting in disparities in drug response of the other co-administered drugs. Additionally, associated ingestion of dietary supplements, citrus fruit/juice could also change systemic exposure o...

Drug-related rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, or drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a life-threatening multiorgan systemic reaction characterized by rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and leukocytosis with eosinophilia. Aromatic anticonvulsant drugs and allopurinol have been reported to be the most frequent eliciting agents. Our search of the l...

background: systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of multi-system autoimmune disorder with unknown aetiology and it produces antibodies against various tissues. case presentation:the patient wasa 44-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus for approximately five years, along with underlying diseases including peptic ulcers, asthma, hypertension and diabetes in the past 10 ...

Oral drug delivery is a one of the simplest routes of delivery of drugs for systemic as well as local effect. Liquid oral dosage forms are easy to administer as compared to unit solid dosage forms but sustained effect are not achieved due to less residential time in gastrointestinal tract so,due to this problem In-situ gel used to overcome the problems. The in situ gel dosage form is a liquid b...