Many of the current software systems rely on garbage collectors for automatic memory management. This is also the case for various software systems in real-time applications. However, a real-time application often requires an incremental working style of the underlying garbage collection, which renders the garbage collector more complex and less trustworthy. We present a formal verification of ...

Our research is concerned with compiler-independent, tag-free garbage collection for the C ++ programming language. This paper presents a mark-and-sweep collector , and explains how it ameliorates shortcomings of a previous copy collector. The new collector, like the old, uses C ++ 's facilities for creating abstract data types to deene a tracked reference type, called roots, at the level of th...

Pantograph, the technological successor of trolley poles, is an overhead current collector electric bus, trains, and trams. In this work, we consider discrete fractional pantograph equation form ???[k](t)=wt+?,k(t+?),k(?(t+?)), with condition k(0)=p[k] for t?N1??, 0<??1, ??(0,1) investigate properties asymptotic stability solutions. We will prove main results by aid Krasnoselskii’s generaliz...

This work compares NPN and PNP SiGe HBTs fabricated simultaneously using Ge' implantation in the base to achieve an average Ge concentration of 4at.%. Electrical measurements are presented and discussed with TEM and SIMS analysis. The results show that the PNP HBTs give superior performance to the NPNs, as they have more ideal collector characteristics. The NPN HBTs exhibit collector-emitter le...

Schottky Collector Resonant Tunneling Diodes (SCRTDs) have potential for increased oscillator bandwidth, but may be prone to electron reflection at the semiconductor-metal interface of the Schottky collector. This reflection has been observed previously with in-situ MBE deposited collector metal, manifested as interference oscillations on the rising slope of the resonant current. This paper ext...

We expand an acyclic distributed garbage collector (the cleanup protocol of Stub-Scion Pair Chains) with a detector of distributed cycles of garbage. The whole result is as a complete and asynchronous distributed garbage collector. The detection algorithm for free distributed cycles is inspired by Hughes 5]. A local collector marks outgoing references with dates, which are propagated asynchrono...

Generational garbage collection is an established method for creating eecient garbage collectors. Even a simple implementation where all nodes that survive one garbage collection are tenured, i.e., moved to an old generation , works well in strict languages. In lazy languages, however, such an implementation can create severe temporary space leaks. The temporary space leaks appear in programs t...

Many of the current software systems rely on garbage collectors for automatic memory management. This is also the case for various software systems in realtime applications. However, a real-time application often requires an incremental working style of the underlying garbage collection, which renders the garbage collector more complex and less trustworthy. We present a formal verification of t...

The maximum power cast on a collector from a source of finite angular extension by a concentrator of fixed position occurs when the collector sees the concentrator as a Lambertian source. Concentrators not fully meeting this requirement are evaluated using a parameter called the shape quality factor. Lambertian concentrators can be obtained with mirrors but not with lenses of finite n. In many ...