Authors’ affiliations: Jens C. Türp, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental School, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Asbjørn Jokstad, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Toronto Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Canada Edith Motschall, Institute for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany Hans J. Schindler...

Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar, Indonesia Medistra Hospital, Jl. Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav. 59, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar, Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, University of Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No...

X Matti D. Allen, Timothy J. Doherty, Charles L. Rice, and Kurt Kimpinski School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurologi...

1 Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan 2 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya No.4, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia 3 Postdoctoral Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1, Kouji-machi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 102-0083,...

1Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Quai Godfroid Kurth 45, 4020 Liege, Belgium 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 464-8651, Japan 4CITS-Center of ...

1 Doctor of Dental Surgery. Master of Orthodontics. University of Valencia, Spain 2 DDS. Master in Oral Surgery and Implantology. University of Valencia, Spain 3 Full Professor of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia 4 Full Professor of Orthodontics. Director of Master in Orthodontics. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia 5 Doctor of Dental ...

1 Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”, CSIC, Granada, Spain. 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Leioa, Spain. 3 Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Leioa, Spain. 4 Biocruces Health Research...

background and aims. retreatment of existing restorations not only requires a lot of money and time but also there is a danger of weakening tooth structure and irritating the pulp. since awareness of the reasons for the retreatment of teeth will save the teeth from possible future failure, the aim of this study was to assess the reasons for retreatment of amalgam and composite restorations in p...