In Britain today, between twenty and thirty thousand human beings exist abandoned and forgotten in hospitals for the mentally subnormal. There are over 60,000 patients in these hospitals and surveys in many of them have shown that from a third to a half of their patients are never visited. A few patients, irrespective of the severity of their mental condition, have regular and faithful visitors...

Karp and Lipton introduced advice-taking Turing machines to capture nonuniform complexity classes. We study this concept for automata-like models and compare it to other nonuniform models studied in connection with formal languages in the literature. Based on this we obtain complete separations of the classes of the Chomsky hierarchy relative to advices.

Due: Friday, March 13 2009 at 11:59PM. Late submissions will not be graded. Instructions: The exam has 4 parts testing different skills/knowledge you have (hopefully) acquired during the quarter. There are two homework-style questions, one paper summary and one research/design question. Since this is an exam, you should not discuss these problems with anyone else. You can refer to your textbook...

Colin Blakemore What is your advice to a neuroscience PhD student? Think long and hard about whether you want to commit yourself to a career in scientific neuroscience. There are limited resources, grants, jobs and ideas. The sort of people who can’t live without research are the sort of people who will have the enthusiasm to continue. Also, it is very easy to get bogged down in the intricacies...

JCB • VOLUME 169 • NUMBER 1 • 2005 16 Folding in a crowd roteins fold better in a crowd, as predicted by a biophysical model from Margaret Cheung, Dmitri Klimov, and D. Thirumalai (University of Maryland, College Park, MD). Interactions between a protein and large nearby molecules produce repulsive forces at distances that can be as large as the protein itself. The group modeled the energetic e...

Vertebrate eye formation is a multistep process requiring coordinated inductive interactions between neural and non-neural ectoderm and underlying mesendoderm. The induction and shaping of the eyes involves an elaborate cellular choreography characterized by precise changes in cell shape coupled with complex cellular and epithelial movements. Consequently, the forming eye is an excellent model ...

Of all the risk factors for premature death, the air we breathe is one area over which patients and doctors have little control. In cities health professionals care for patients in environments where air pollution can aggravate existing illness, mostly cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and also damage children’s hearts and lungs as they develop. Today we report that more than half of 2200...

To paraphrase the ubiquitous warning applied to the perverse products of the tobacco industry, ‘breathing may be dangerous to your health’, in particular if you are a lung transplant recipient. This is especially true if you live near a major road in a region with high levels of trafficrelated air pollution. Alone among solid organ transplants, the lung allograft is exposed to the ambient envir...

In this paper we focus on a novel issue in the field of video retrieval stemming from film analysis, namely the investigation of film montage patterns. For this purpose it is first necessary to reconstruct the original film sequences, i.e. the camera takes. For the decision whether or not two shots occurring anywhere in a film stem from the same take we use edge histograms and local feature tra...

The exosome, one of the main cellular ribonucleases in eukaryotes, is a multi-subunit complex of deep evolutionary origin. This complex has been extensively characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Given the good conservation of exosome subunit sequences, it was widely accepted that the yeast exosome provided a good model for other eukaryotic species. Recent analysis of higher eukaryotic exoso...