From the 1950s until 1979 malaria control in Afghanistan was implemented through a vertical programme managed by the government, but little of the original programme remained functional by the early 1990s. Delivery of basic health care including malaria diagnosis and treatment was done by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and UN agencies, which organised cross-border operations from Pakista...

B oth current and past senior civilian defense officials reportedly have grown increasingly frustrated with the conventional mindset of many strategiclevel military officers. In their view, too many senior leaders are too cautious, lacking the “fresh thinking, creativity, and ingenuity” to engage in the “out-ofthe-box” thinking required to fully understand the new asymmetric threats and challen...

Should the United States, as the strongest military power in the world, be bound by stricter humanitarian constraints than its weaker adversaries? Would holding the U.S. to higher standards than the Taliban, Iraqi insurgents, or the North Korean army yield an overall greater humanitarian welfare or be otherwise justified on the basis of international justice theories? Or would it instead be an ...

This article focuses on strategies of inter-ethnic conflict resolution in southwest Afghanistan under the circumstances of social changes in a tribal society. Field research was carried on in September and October 2008 in Kabul and Zaranj, the province centre of Nimruz. During ethnographic fieldwork focusing on transnational identities of the Baloch people in the Afghan-Iranian border region, I...

BACKGROUND In the war against the Taliban, Canada was the lead North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nation to provide medical and surgical care to NATO soldiers, Afghanistan National Army soldiers, Afghanistan Nation Police, civilians working in and outside Kandahar Airfield and Afghanistan civilians at the Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit (R3MMU) from February 2006 to October 2009. MET...

This paper speaks about the effects of Taliban returning to Afghanistan and its on monetary fiscalpolicies country. provides adequate background information context by talking thehistorical overview which includes social, cultural, geographical history. Consequently, italso exhibits reasons that caused take over country with reference U.S.A, 9/11 attacksand finally return U.S.A troops from in 2...

Water has been formulated as a resource or hazard within water resources geography. We propose that reframing of hydro-heritage opens up richer analytical possibilities for examining the pluriverses and multiple ontologies animate gendered experience water. are concerned with how could have contributed to healing in post-conflict Swat valley Pakistan. highlight Taliban insurgency reconstruction...

In August 2021, the United States withdrew from Afghanistan after 20 years. The fall of Afghan government to Taliban resulted in displacement some Afghans. Canada committed welcoming thousands refugees. Research suggests that refugees tend have higher rates post-traumatic stress, and refugees, particular, among highest rates. Another body literature religious coping has positive effects. This p...

For more than twenty years, NATO engaged in security assistance Afghanistan. The engagement represented a colossal politico-military investment regime renewal. return of the Taliban to power 2021 defines defeat for NATO, we argue. Defeat followed part from NATO’s strategy deficit: alliance did not adequately focus on Afghanistan’s political fundamentals; it committed ‘comprehensive approach’ ca...

After years of strict bans on the media, local radio in post-Taliban Afghanistan is undergoing an intense period of reconstruction. This thesis uses a multi-sited ethnographic investigation to examine local Afghan radio's various relationships with women in Afghanistan. In examining both the production and consumption contexts of local radio, it pinpoints areas of disjuncture that can and do le...