We present a novel technique in which the carbon isotope ratio (delta(13)C) of soil CO(2) is measured from small gas samples (<5 mL) injected into a stream of CO(2)-free air flowing into a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDL). This new method extends the dynamic range of the TDL to measure CO(2) mole fractions ranging from ambient to pure CO(2), reduces the volume of sample require...

l present a cognitive model of the human ability to acquire causal relationships. I report on experimental evidence demonstrating that human learners acquire accurate causal relationships more rapidly when training examples ore consistent with a general theory of causality. This article describes o learning process thot uses a general theory of causality as background knowledge. The learning pr...

Although human decidual lymphocytes have been widely studied, their function and possible interaction with trophoblast are still unclear. Here we show that whereas human early (EDL) and term (TDL) decidual lymphocytes were unable to kill human trophoblast by necrosis (assessed by the 51Cr-release assay) or apoptosis (DNA fragment assay), TDL but not EDL decreased trophoblast adhesion to a plast...

BACKGROUND Incompleteness of interlobar fissures and pleural adhesions, common in tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL), are among "technical contraindications" for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The efficacy and safety of VATS in the treatment of TDL, has not yet been detailed in. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to observe the efficacy and safety of VATS in the manag...

In this paper, we show how the entire process of transmission and reception in a DS-CDMA system, including the spreading, can be described as a tapped delay line with multiple inputs and a single output. We then demonstrate how this model can be used to design a fractionally spaced decision feedback equalizer with a single input and multiple outputs. In the proposed approach, long codes can be ...

Sensory signals are often caused by one’s own active movements. This raises a problem of discriminating between selfgenerated sensory signals and signals generated by the external world. Such discrimination is of general importance for robotic systems, where operational robustness is dependent on correct interpretation of sensory signals. Here we investigate this problem in the context of a whi...

In this paper, we propose a novel neural network structure, namely feedforward sequential memory networks (FSMN), to model long-term dependency in time series without using recurrent feedback. The proposed FSMN is a standard fully-connected feedforward neural network equipped with some learnable memory blocks in its hidden layers. The memory blocks use a tapped-delay line structure to encode th...

The paper presents a system for measuring photon statistics and photon timing in the few-photon regime down to the single-photon level. The measurement system is based on superconducting nanowire single photon detectors and a time-to-digital converter implemented into a programmable device. The combination of these devices gives high performance to the system in terms of resolution and adaptabi...

In this paper, a pilot assisted minimum mean square error multiuser channel estimation algorithm is proposed for quasi-synchronous CDMA systems. The doubly selective multiuser fading channel is represented as a time-varying chip-spaced tapped delay line filter with correlated filter taps. The multiuser channel tap coefficients at pilot symbol positions are estimated under the MMSE criterion wit...

Tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL) is diagnosed by a clear past history of tuberculosis with findings of parenchymal destruction verified by chest X-ray. Despite the resultant deterioration of lung function and quality of lives seen in TDL patients, the exact mechanism or characteristics of pulmonary function worsening have not been clearly studied. We investigated the feature of respiratory impa...