PURPOSE Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is sensitive to errors, mainly due to high stopping power dependency and steep beam dose gradients. Conventional margins are often insufficient to ensure robustness of treatment plans. In this article, a method is developed that takes the uncertainties into account during the plan optimization. METHODS Dose contributions for a number of range ...

PURPOSE To introduce the concept of dose-mass-based inverse optimization for radiotherapy applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mathematical derivation of the dose-mass-based formalism is presented. This mathematical representation is compared to the most commonly used dose-volume-based formulation used in inverse optimization. A simple example on digitally created phantom is presented. The pha...

In this study, deterministic and robust optimization models for single artillery unit fire scheduling are developed to minimize the total enemy threat to friendly forces by considering the enemy target threat level, enemy target destruction time, and target firing preparation time simultaneously. Many factors in war environments are uncertain. In particular, it is difficult to evaluate the thre...