A new species of the monotypic genus Weygoldtia Miranda, Giupponi, Prendini & Scharff, 2018 was described from Con Son island, southern Vietnam, namely condao sp. nov. The is clearly distinguished its congener davidovi (Fage, 1946) by having more articles in tibia and tarsus leg I. fragment cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene also provided for species. K2P genetic distance COI between...

Habitat fragmentation has the potential to influence the development and thus the phenotype of organisms. The asymmetry of bilateral traits may be indicative of the extent to which developmental stability is compromised by the stressful conditions underlying fragmentation. Using an assemblageand population-level approach, we explored asymmetry differences in tarsus and outermost tail feathers o...

The hormonal environment an individual experiences during development can have lasting effects on behavior, morphology, and physiology. However, measuring endogenous hormone exposure during early embryonic development and relating it to adult phenotype has proved to be challenging. The relative length of digit 2 to digit 4 (2D:4D) in adults is thought to reflect the relative concentration of an...

Objectives To evaluate the effect of limb position during initial skin marker application on sagittal plane kinematics of the hindlimb. Methods Six healthy dogs (20-30 kg) were evaluated. An established two-dimensional kinematic model of the pelvic limb was utilized to describe sagittal plane motion. Kinematic markers were applied separately for each dog while standing in three different positi...

OBJECTIVE Although the mixed orbicularis oculi muscle lacks the muscle spindles required to induce reflex contraction of its slow-twitch fibers, the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle function as extrinsic mechanoreceptors to induce reflex contraction. We hypothesize that strong stretching of these mechanoreceptors increases reflex contraction of the orbicularis oculi slow-twitch muscle fibers...

Different body components are thought to trade off in their growth and development rates, but the causes for relative prioritization of any trait remains a critical question. Offspring of species at higher risk of predation might prioritize development of locomotor traits that facilitate escaping risky environments over growth of mass. We tested this possibility in 12 altricial passerine specie...

To better understand how environment shapes phenotypic and genetic variation, we explore the relationship between environmental variables across Ecuador and genetic and morphological variation in the wedge-billed woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus), a common Neotropical rainforest bird species. Generalized dissimilarity models show that variation in amplified fragment length polymorphism marke...