Some patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations still respond to gefitinib and erlotinib, suggesting that there may be a mechanism(s) other than the EGFR pathway that mediates the tumoricidal effects. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of TD-19, a novel compound chemically modified from erlotinib, which has more potent apo...

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disfiguring side-effect of antipsychotic medications that is potentially irreversible in affected patients. Newer atypical antipsychotics are felt by many to have a lower risk of TD. As a result, many clinicians may have developed a false sense of security when prescribing these medications. We report five cases of patients taking atypical antipsychotics who develop...

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a well known side effect of neuroleptic drug treatment, and may coexist with tardive dystonia. It can be treated with several drugs, although they rarely lead to a complete removal of symptoms. The main treatment of TD consists of gradual neuroleptic drug dose reduction and where possible complete withdrawal. Nevertheless, in 40% of TD cases, symptoms do not disappear...

OBJECTIVE A subgroup of patients with Tourette's disorder (TD) has symptoms refractory to haloperidol, a standard therapeutic drug for TD. METHODS We report on three cases of pediatric and adolescent patients who were treated with paliperidone extended release. RESULTS In two cases, TD symptoms were remarkably improved by switching from haloperidol to paliperidone extended release, and in a...

BACKGROUND Wernicke's encephalopathy-Korsakoff syndrome (WE-KS) is common in alcoholics, caused by thiamine deficiency (TD; vitamin B1) and associated with lesions to the thalamus (THAL). Although TD alone can cause WE, the high incidence in alcoholism suggests that TD and ethanol (EtOH) interact. METHODS Mice in control, TD, or EtOH groups alone or combined were studied after 5 or 10 days of...

We present a novel l1 regularized off-policy convergent TD-learning method (termed RO-TD), which is able to learn sparse representations of value functions with low computational complexity. The algorithmic framework underlying ROTD integrates two key ideas: off-policy convergent gradient TD methods, such as TDC, and a convex-concave saddle-point formulation of non-smooth convex optimization, w...

background: antibody production in patients with end-stage kidney disease impairs due to several mechanisms. there are different ways to improve response rate to hepatitis b (hb) vaccine. in this study we evaluated the effect of tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (td) vaccine on hbs antibody (ab) level while being given simultaneously with hb vaccine.  methods: we recruited 43 hemodialysis and 20 perito...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Efficacy of radioembolization is derived from radioinduced damage, whereas tumour dosimetry is not considered as yet in prospective clinical trials. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the impact of tumour dose (TD), based on 99m Tc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) quantification, on response and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We consecutively included 85 patients w...

INTRODUCTION The harmful effects of ischaemia-reperfusion on skeletal muscle during extremity surgery can be diminished by using medications or ischaemic preconditioning METHODS Twenty patients undergoing lower-limb surgery with use of a tourniquet for at least 1 hour were included in the study and randomised into two groups: a control group with only tourniquet application (T group; n=10); a...

To investigate how top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) information is weighted in the guidance of human search behavior, we manipulated the proportions of BU and TD components in a saliency-based model. The model is biologically plausible and implements an artificial retina and a neuronal population code. The BU component is based on feature-contrast. The TD component is defined by a feature-templ...