Should Value-Added Models Control for Student Absences?* Whether or not value-added models should control for contemporaneous student absences is theoretically ambiguous, as such absences are only partly outside of teachers’ control. Teachers often feel strongly that value-added models should account for student attendance, and many districts’ value-added models condition on lagged student abse...

In a study of South Sudanese adult student participation in Australian learning environments, it was found that student expectations in the areas of classroom behaviours, teacher monitoring of learning and student competition in a formal learning context were consistent across contexts, despite entry level of education. However, teacher expectations varied according to the learning environment,...

Knowledge distillation describes a method for training a student network to perform better by learning from a stronger teacher network. In this work, we run experiments with different kinds of teacher networks to enhance the translation performance of a student Neural Machine Translation (NMT) network. We demonstrate techniques based on an ensemble and a best BLEU teacher network. We also show ...