Usually, tool steels are used in quenched and tempered conditions. Due to the phase transition from austenite martensite volume change during transformation, controlling distortion might be challenging. A newly developed steel focusing on a bainitic structure, even for bigger dimensions, shows lower hardness at ambient temperature than conventional hot working but with dependency. Therefore, se...

In this investigation of AISI 1045 steel are tested in two stages. the first stage samples, induction boriding and hardening heat treatment typically 800 °C, 900 1000 1100 1200 °C applied over course seconds. Internal strains maybe mitigated using a 30 min tempering at temperature ranges 300 500 °Cand 700 °C. After that samples subjected to hardening, microhardness tensile strength according AS...

The microstructure and properties of a 5 wt.% Cr cold work tool steel were studied after austenitisation at 1020°C, 1050°C or 1075°C followed by single, double and triple tempering treatments at 525°C. The microstructures were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and phase transformations were studied by dilatometry. Furthermore, hardness and Charpy un-notched an...

This paper provides an overview on obtaining low-carbon ultra-fine grained dual-phase steels through rapid intercritical annealing of cold-rolled sheet as improved materials for automotive applications. A laboratory processing route was designed that involves cold-rolling of a tempered martensite structure followed by a second tempering step to produce a fine grained aggregate of ferrite and ca...

aqueous polymer quenchants are being used increasingly in steel heat treatment industries as a substitution for conventional quenchants. by adjusting the quench parameters of the polymeric media, it is possible to achieve desirable microstructure and mechanical properties in addition to reduction in distortion and cracking. in this work, polyalkylene glycol (pag) aqueous solution was used as th...

The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process is an advanced method of heat treatment high-strength steels. resulting properties Q&P-processed steels are dictated by their microstructure which consists tempered martensite, fresh martensite retained austenite (RA). These phases arise from individual steps the Q&P-process. An important step stabilization austen-ite because RA raises du...

For the production of building reinforcing steel, special charge components were used, consisting steel waste, cast iron shavings and about 20 % NVG pellets. Steel was smelted in a 60-ton electric arc furnace. The pouring liquid carried out on continuous casting machine. Heat treatment immediately after rolling operation to improve physical mechanical properties construction steels melted furna...

The microstructures and mechanical properties of GCr15 bearing steel after high-temperature tempering with without a 5 T high magnetic field (HMF) were investigated. It was found that the application HMF at stage slowed down growth tempered sorbite (TS) structures, increased density carbides, reduced carbide size volume fraction. XRD diffraction patterns showed resulted in higher dislocation de...