Gravity waves can influence weather and climate patterns on various temporal spatial scales in the atmosphere. Despite their recognized importance, there are clearly a lack of sufficient accurate observations from currently available satellite observing systems to satisfy requirements many users. Common method detect gravity is measure brightness temperature (BT) anomalies, which rely an initia...

This study examines the European heatwaves' predictability at subseasonal timescales. Land surface feedbacks and tropical convection, due to their variability intraseasonal timescales, are taken into consideration potential role in extending beyond medium range (10 days) is explored. A classification of heatwaves five heatwave types used discriminate effects among different types. The computed ...

The annual-mean tropospheric circulation change in global warming is studied by comparing the response of an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) to a spatial-uniform sea surface temperature (SST) increase (SUSI) with the response of a coupled ocean–atmosphere GCM to increased greenhouse gas concentrations following the A1B scenario. In both simulations, tropospheric warming follows the ...

The literature survey reviews our present understanding of the Madden Julian Oscillation. This perturbation to the circulation of the tropical atmosphere involves anomalies in climate elements such as pressure, wind, outgoing long wave radiation, and temperature. It is successfully simulated by the present generation of general climate and atmospheric general circulation models. The literature ...

The spatial and temporal distributions of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are investigated, using monthly data from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis for the period 1980–2004. Patterns of atmospheric forcing are identified in observations of sea level pressure and air–sea heat fluxes. It is found that a significant fraction of SST variability in the ACC...

A fundamental difficulty in modeling global atmospheric circulation is the strong interaction among motions on a wide range of space and time scales. Explicit numerical representation of all the spatial scales that determine the global atmospheric circulation is impractical. An example of such difficulties is the effect of small-scale inertia-gravity waves on the circulation. Inertia-gravity wa...

[1] A suite of idealised ensemble experiments are used to investigate the sensitivity of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation to the location of SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Of particular interest is the response of South American rainfall during austral summer. The experiments reveal an approximately opposite response in rainfall over South America when the tropica...

Abstract. We investigate the link between warm-temperature extremes in Europe and persistence of large-scale atmospheric-circulation patterns for both winter summer, along with some possible physical mechanisms connecting two. assess atmospheric persistence, leveraging concepts from dynamical systems theory, reconcile this approach more conventional meteorological views persistence. find that w...

introduction climate is a system consisting of atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. this system is involved in the exchange of energy and moisture among these five components. the exchanges link the atmosphere as the central component of the climate to other spheres. changes do not occur separately in this system; rather change in one component contributes to reactio...