Nonhuman primates demonstrate marked similarities to humans in almost all aspects of their anatomy, endocrinology, and physiology. These similarities underlie the value of these animals for appropriate studies in neurobiology, immunology, pathology, reproductive biology, teratology, neonatology, endocrinology, cardiology, and psychology. Investigations with nonhuman primates has made, and conti...

This grand rounds manuscript reviews important considerations in developing case conceptualizations for individuals with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. This case study provides an introduction to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, diagnostic issues, a detailed description of the individual's history, presenting symptoms, neuropsychological test results, and an integrated summary. We des...

Contrary to the view that embryos and larvae are the most fragile stages of life, development is stable under real-world conditions. Early cleavage embryos are prepared for environmental vagaries by having high levels of cellular defenses already present in the egg before fertilization. Later in development, adaptive responses to the environment either buffer stress or produce alternative devel...

The reproductive, developmental, and postnatal toxicity of 14 select chemicals and mixtures that are components of gasoline has been reviewed. The majority of experimental analyses have been performed as either variations of the accepted segment 2 protocol or as traditional teratology studies. Specific deficiencies in the present database have been identified and are most obvious in the evaluat...

Compounds intended for marketing by the pharmaceutical industry are tested for possible effects on reproductive processes in much the same way today as was carried out even before November 1961, when the drug thalidomide was related to human malformations. At that time, effects on male and female fertility were sought, but generally only for agents considered likely to alter the endocrinologic ...