This paper discusses the little-known fact that Donnan’s equilibrium criteria established over 100 years ago neglected coupling between ion concentrations and osmotic pressure. Such can be treated based on general thermodynamic considerations including solvent equilibrium, leading to a membrane potential consists of not only classical Donnan term but also an additional due pressure, existence e...

In this paper, by considering a simple uid model, we investigate the role of phase transitions in the ISM on the galaxy scale gas dynamics. Cooling and heating timescales in the ISM are typically shorter than typical galactic rotation timescales, so the individual phases in the ISM can be assumed to be in temperature equilibrium with the radiation eld. Using this approximation we can construct ...

In this paper, a quantitative characterization for the evolutionary sequence of stellar self-gravitating system is investigated, focusing on the pre-collapse stage of the long-term dynamical evolution. In particular, we consider the quasi-equilibrium behaviors of the N -body systems in the setup of the so-called Antonov problem, i.e., self-gravitating N -body system confined in an adiabatic wal...

We consider a Hotelling game where a finite number of retailers choose a location, given that their potential consumers are distributed on a network. Retailers do not compete on price but only on location, therefore each consumer shops at the closest store. We show that when the number of retailers is large enough, the game admits a pure Nash equilibrium and we construct it. We then compare the...

Blood progenitors within the lymph gland, a larval organ that supports hematopoiesis in Drosophila melanogaster, are maintained by integrating signals emanating from niche-like cells and those from differentiating blood cells. We term the signal from differentiating cells the 'equilibrium signal' in order to distinguish it from the 'niche signal'. Earlier we showed that equilibrium signaling ut...

this study uses vector error correction model to examine the effects of oilseeds, crude oil and vegetable oil tariffs on vegetable oil consumer price. monthly data sets for the years 2004-2013 and var and vecm models were applied for this study. research findings indicates only a long term equilibrium relation between the study variables .the effect of vegetable oil tariffs on consumer and prod...

the second law of thermodynamic (entropy principle) is of special theo-philosophical importance. it seems that this law, which is renowned as “the death of software design” and despite the order in the world, is like an incompatible universal. this article examines the concept of entropy in the three temperature, statistic, and information applications and addresses the contradiction of the sec...

Abstract In this work, the role of a time-varying Newton constant under scale-dependent approach is investigated in thermodynamics Friedman equations. particular, we show that extended equations can be derived either from equilibrium when non-matter energy momentum tensor interpreted as fluid or non-equilibrium an entropy production term, which depends on constant, included. Finally, comparison...

We discuss recent advances in mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs). We describe the challenges posed by these problems and the current algorithmic solutions. We emphasize in particular the use of the elastic mode approach. We also present initial investigations in applications of MPECs to control problems. Ceywords: Complementarity Constraints, Equilibrium Constraints, Ela...

Despite its many strengths, the SAINTS (Squared-Autoregressive-Independent-Variable Nominal Term Structure) model of Constantinides (1992) cannot be directly compared with other popular term structure models such as Vasicek (1977) and Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1985) mainly because the stochastic discount factor of the model is exogenously spec-iied. The primary motivation of this paper is to nd ...