Background: Circulus Arteriosus cerebrii, another name for Circle of Willis, establishes a polygonal anastomotic channel between two internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. The arterial circle is located in the interpeduncular fossa, near base brain. It has been established through anatomical radiological studies that there are variations healthy persons. Aim: To evaluate Willis suppl...

background: hydatidosis it is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the larval stages of different species of the tapeworms (cestoda) of genus echinococcus. currently, the surgery is most definitive method of treatment for hydatid cyst, but always there is the risk of leakage or rupture during the surgery, therefore it is considered unreliable method. methods: protoscoleces of hydatid cysts wer...

Introduction: Over the past decade, MRI and MRS techniques have merged which allows for interrogation and functional characterisation of the tumor microenvironment non-invasively in living tissues with high resolution [1]. The chaotic vasculature evolution in tumor tissue results in an unbalanced blood supply and heterogeneities in perfusion and oxygenation. Tumor lactate level is an important ...

Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET) is collection of mobile platforms that form a dynamic infrastructure communication network wherever required. Until recently, Mobile nodes formed a group communication, even for communication there is a problem of efficient and securely broadcast from sender to remote cooperative group occurs in many emerging applications. In Existing consider several distributed c...