BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) in patients with a malignant extragonadal germ-cell tumour (EGGCT) and the incidence of metachronous invasive testicular cancer (TC) in relation to the pretreatment demonstration of CIS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients with EGGCT (53 retroperitoneal, 15 mediastinal) had pre-chemoth...

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse 10 patients with malignant lymphomas of the testis, and to discuss the necessity of immunocytochemical staining to confirm the histologic diagnosis and an effective treatment policy. Patients and methods. Ten patients with malignant lymphomas of the testis were reviewed in order to identify and study the incidence, histologic findings, the type of...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3/MAPK1 (also known as ERK1/ERK2) plays an important role in the signal transduction pathways. To our knowledge, however, its role in the development of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied the pattern of MAPK3/MAPK1 activation in a experimental model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also...

BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is thought to play diverse roles in the male reproductive system. However, its role in testicular cells for spermatogenesis and fertility remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the expression and localization of Fgfr 1 (FGF Receptor) and Fgfr 2 in the postnatal mouse testes were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry....

background: over recent decades a possible decrease in sperm quality and an increase in the incidence of testicular cancer have been reported in many populations. some recent findings, as cohort studies, showed an increased risk of testicular cancer in men with abnormal semen analysis. case: a 30 years old man referred to our clinic with chief compliant of infertility for 3 years. spermogram re...

It is now well established that normal development and function of testis are mediated by endocrine and paracrine pathways including hormones, growth factors and cytokines as well as by direct cell-to-cell contacts depending on tight, adhering and gap junctions. In the last two decades, several growth factors were identified in the testis of various mammalian species. Growth factors are shown t...

The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) opened a new era in the field of assisted reproduction and revolutionized the assisted reproductive technology protocols for couples with male factor infertility. Fertilisation and pregnancies can be achieved with spermatozoa recovered not only from the ejaculate but also from the seminiferous tubules. The most common methods for retrie...

BACKGROUND Sox9 (Sry box containing gene 9) is a DNA-binding transcription factor involved in chondrocyte development and sex determination. The protein's absence in testicular Sertoli nurse cells has been shown to disrupt testicular function in adults but little is known at the genome-wide level about molecular events concomitant with testicular break-down. METHODS To determine the genome-wi...

Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant and endocrine disruptor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal Cd exposure during the late pregnant period on testicular development and steroidogenesis in male offspring. Pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with CdCl(2) (0.5mg/kg) daily from gestational day (gd) 13 to gd 17. As expected, fetal weight and crown length were ...

Testicular failure (TF) is referring to the condition of testicles which are unable to produce sperm or testosterone. Testosterone is the essential androgen (male sex hormone) for male reproductive function that allows for the development of male genitalia, secondary sex characteristics in prepubescent males, and the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, initiation and maintenance of sp...