With cutaneously applied local anesthetic bases various effects may be observed, such as a decrease in pricking pain and a change in burning, itch, and thermal sensations. These effects occur after skin penetration and may be attributed to the action of the anesthetics on nociceptors and thermoreceptors, i.e., on C and A delta nerve fibers, respectively. As little is known about the pharmacodyn...

transient neurologic symptoms after intrathecal injection of lidocaine. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 257±8 7 Sumi M, Sakura S, Kosaka Y. Intrathecal hyperbaric 0.5% tetracaine as possible cause of transient neurological toxicity. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 1076±7 8 Sakura S, Sumi M, Sakaguchi Y, et al. The addition of phenylephrine contributes to the development of transient neurological symptoms after...

BACKGROUND To compare the clinical efficacy of lidocaine 2% with tetracaine 0.5% for cataract surgery. METHODS In a randomized, multi-surgeon, controlled clinical trial,122 consecutive cataract cases eligible for topical anesthesia, were randomly assigned to receive lidocaine 2% gel (1 ml) or tetracaine solution 0.5% (TetraVisc, 0.5 ml) before clear corneal phacoemulsification. Main outcome m...

A role for Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent kinase (CamK) in regulation of the voltage-sensitive release mechanism (VSRM) was investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Voltage clamp was used to separate the VSRM from Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). VSRM contractions and Ca(2+) transients were absent in cells dialyzed with standard pipette solution but present when 2-5 microM calmodulin ...

The effects of local anesthetics on photosynthetic activity of pea chloroplasts were investigated in order to elucidate the role of Ca2+ in photosynthetic electron transport. Dibucaine, benzocaine and tetracaine were found to inhibit the O2-evolving activity. The inhibitory effect decreases in the order dibucaine greater than benzocaine greater than tetracaine greater than trimecaine similarly ...

We previously found that native cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) cation channels from amphibian rod cells are directly and reversibly inhibited by analogues of diacylglycerol (DAG), but little is known about the mechanism of this inhibition. We recently determined that, at saturating cGMP concentrations, DAG completely inhibits cloned bovine rod (Brod) CNG channels while only partially inhibiting ...

Las21 (Yj1062W) is a member of the major facilitator super family, possessing multimembrane spanning domains. The LAS21 gene was identified as a responsible gene for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutan which shows sensitivity to a local anestheticum, tetracaine. The null las21 mutant (las21 delta) is viable but shows temperature sensitive growth. We found, in addition to this phenotype, that the l...

The influence of luminal and cytoplasmic Ca2+ on the ability of ryanodine-sensitive stores to undergo multiple partial ("quantal") releases has been assessed. Increased luminal Ca2+ levels do indeed modulate sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release by lowering the threshold agonist concentration required to elicit release, but the decrease in luminal Ca2+ that accompanies a partial release is not su...

To assess the possible relationship between changes in acid-base state of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and enhanced spread of spinal anaesthesia during pregnancy, we have measured CSF pH, carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) and HCO3- values in 73 women undergoing spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric amethocaine 8 mg. Patients were allocated to one of four groups according to gestational period: non-pregna...