TGF-β1 is a major player in chronic liver diseases promoting fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis through various mechanisms. The expression and function of TGF-β2 have not been investigated thoroughly in liver disease to date. In this paper, we provide evidence that TGF-β2 expression correlates with fibrogenesis and liver cancer development.Using quantitative realtime PCR and ELISA, we show that TGF...

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a multifunctional growth factor, has three isoforms: TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. Different isoforms of TGF-β are associated with different proliferation and differentiation states of the epidermis. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) emits a concentrated UVB source of 311 nm. NBUVB 1,000 mJ/cm(2) induces apoptosis in approximately 50% of keratinocy...

The three mammalian isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta1, beta2, beta3) are potent regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. To study their role in skin differentiation, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta isoforms on cell growth and differentiation induction of the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT by elevating the Ca(2+) concent...

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, may act both as a tumor suppressor and as a tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer, depending on tumor stage and cellular context. TGF-β pathway has been under intensive investigation as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. We hypothesized a correlation between TGF-βR2/SMAD4 expression in the tumor, plasma TGF-β...

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy that occurs after the 20th weeks of pregnancy.The pathophysiology of this disease is not exactly known. Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and Nitric Oxide (NO) are thekey regulatory factors secreted by Mesenchymal stem Cells (MSCs). Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the TGF-β and NO secret...

Disequilibrium of dermal wound repair can result in continued accumulation of ECM and excessive scar formation. In susceptible genetically predisposed individuals, keloid formation can be observed. Keloid disease represents a benign dermal fibroproliferative tumor that is unique to humans. TGF-beta is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease which is still not fully understo...

AIM To determine if the isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are present in fetal, normal adult, and glaucomatous optic nerve heads. METHODS To localise cells synthesising TGF-beta, optic nerve heads were stained using antibodies to TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3. To demonstrate synthesis, human optic nerve heads from fetal, glaucomatous, and normal age matched subje...

Human milk contains substantial amounts of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, particularly the isoform TGF-β2. We previously showed in preclinical models that enterally administered TGF-β2 can protect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. In this study we hypothesized that premature infants remain at higher risk of NEC than full-term infa...

Researchers discovered a new cytokine with the capability to transform fibroblasts in 1983 while studying epidermal and platelet derived growth factors in rat fibroblasts. Originally called sarcoma growth factor, TGF┚ was first isolated from neoplastic mouse tissue by Moloney sarcoma virus (Assoian et al., 1983). After more than three decades TGF-┚ family comprise several members including – no...

Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) suppresses expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this study, we examined the effects of exogenous and endogenous TGF-beta1 on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and resident peritoneal macrophages ex vivo using cells from TGF-beta1 null (TGF-beta1-/-) mice or ag...