BACKGROUND Recently, CD4(+)IL-17A(+) T helper 17 (Th17) cells were identified and reported in several diseased states, including autoimmunity, infection and various peripheral nervous system tumors. However, the presence of Th17 in glia-derived tumors of the central nervous system has not been studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this report, we demonstrate that mRNA expression for the ...

To investigate the role of T-helper cells/Treg (Th17/Treg) and morbidity factors related to primary nephritic syndrome (PNS) in children, as well as the influence of ox-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on Th17/Treg expression in children with PNS. To clarify the pathogenesis of PNS in children, 50 children with PNS treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study group. Additionally, 20 healt...

Th17 cell differentiation is dependent on interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and it is modulated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In this study, we show that differentiation of Th17 cells, but not Th1 or induced regulatory T (iT reg) cells, is increased by endogenous AhR agonists present in culture medium. Th17 development from wild-type mice is s...

Emphysema is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease caused predominantly by cigarette smoking. Th17 cells and related cytokines may contribute to this disorder. However, the possible implication of Th17 cells in regulating inflammatory response in emphysema remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we tested the protein levels of IL-17 and IL-21 in peripheral blood and lung tissues from cig...

T helper (Th) 17 cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that are protective against extracellular microbes, but are responsible for autoimmune disorders in mice. However, their properties in humans are only partially known. We demonstrate the presence of Th17 cells, some of which produce both interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-gamma (Th17/Th1), in the gut of patients with Crohn's ...

BACKGROUND Whether CD8+ IL-17-producing T cells, namely Tc17 cells, play a role in asthma has not been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the frequency of peripheral blood Th17 cells and Tc17 cells in asthmatic patients. In addition, the number, ratio and distribution of Th17 cells and Tc17 cells in the lung tissue and splenocytes of asthmatic mice were also investiga...

Ketamine is widely used in animals and humans as a systemic anesthetic. Although several immune-modulatory functions of ketamine have been reported, the effects of ketamine on the differentiation of Th17 cell are unknown. We found that ketamine significantly diminished the frequency of IL-17-producers among CD4+ T cells stimulated under Th17-skewing conditions. Mechanistic studies showed that k...

Th17 cells play reciprocal roles in different forms and at different stages of cancer. We report that the presence of Th17 cells in ovarian cancer ascites correlates with local expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2). Furthermore, the development of RORgt+IL-23R+IL-17+ Th17 cells from human naive-, memoryor tumorinfiltrating CD4+ T cells critically depends on NO and endogenous NOS2 induced...

While Th17 cells can protect against colonization by pathogenic organisms, they also have the potential to become pathogenic and promote autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Mechanisms that control their pathogenic potential remain poorly understood. Here we show that Ndfip1, a co-activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, restricts the frequency and pathogenicity of Th17 cells. Mice lacking N...

IL-17-producing CD4+ T-helper cells (Th17 cells) have been recognised as important drivers of pathogenesis in a multitude of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. The cytokines and transcription factors that instruct and execute Th17 lineage differentiation have been identified. This has induced hopes that targeting Th17 cells might yield a magic bullet against autoimmune diseases. A new ...