Disturbances that are strongly linked to global climatic cycles may occur in a regular, predictable manner that affects composition and distribution of ecological communities. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences worldwide precipitation patterns and has occurred with regular periodicity over the last 130 000 years. We hypothesized that ENSO, through effects on local weather condit...

Coastal temperate rainforests from southeast Alaska through to southern Oregon are ecologically distinct from forests of neighboring regions, which have a drier, or more continental, climate and disturbance regimes dominated by fires. The long-term role of fire remains one of the key outstanding sources of uncertainty in the historical dynamics of the wetter and less seasonal forests that domin...

Forest fires cost millions of dollars in damages and claim many human lives every year. Apart from preventive measures, early detection and suppression of fires is the only way to minimize the damages and casualties. We present the design and evaluation of a wireless sensor network for early detection of forest fires. We first present the key aspects in modeling forest fires. We do this by anal...

Fire is a phenomenon that covers a multiplicity of scales depending on the different processes involved. Length scales range from the nanometres when addressing material flammability to the kilometres when dealing with forest fires, while time scales cover a broad spectrum too. Heating of structural elements can be measured in hours while characteristic chemical times for reactions do not excee...

Forest fires are a chief environmental concern, causing economical and ecological damage. The application of remote sensing is at present a significant method for forest fires monitoring, particularly in vast and remote areas. Different methods have been presented by the researchers for finding forest types and fire detection. In this study, we propose polygon segmentation for adaptive regional...

Although forest fires are commonly accepted as a natural part of the ecosystem, frequent forest fires present great challenges to fire managers. In this research, ‘Fire Area Simulator’ has been used to simulate and study forest fire behaviour. Once the predicted perimeters were generated and compared to those shown in postmortem aerial infrared images, partial agreement was observed for the dir...

This study tested the success of fuel reduction treatments for mitigating wildfire behavior in an area that has had little previous research on fire, the southern Appalachian Mountains. A secondary objective of treatments was to restore the community to an open woodland condition. Three blocks of four treatments were installed in a mature hardwood forest in western North Carolina. Fuel reductio...

We consider a discrete forest-fire model on the upper half-plane of the two-dimensional square lattice. Each site can have one of the following two states: “vacant” or “occupied by a tree”. At the starting time all sites are vacant. Then the process is governed by the following random dynamics: Trees grow at rate 1, independently for all sites. If an occupied cluster reaches the boundary of the...

Bushfire represents a significant risk within the Australian environment, and providing a spatial estimate of the risk represents a challenge for producing planning guidelines. The primary method for estimating day-to-day fire weather risk within Australian fire fighting operational environments has been the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index, which is an empirical index taking into account both...

ali ahmad said known by the pen name adonis or adunis is among poets who extensively use symbolism to express their ideas and thoughts.  he uses this style to express ideas and statements not directly articulated due to certain political and social restrictions.  in his symbolism, he relies on several natural elements including the sun, the sea, rainfall, the moon, stones, the sky, the wind, an...