For any natural number n we define f(n) to be the minimum number with the following property. Given any arrangement A(L) of n blue lines in the real projective plane one can find f(n) red lines different from the blue lines such that any edge in the arrangement A(L) is crossed by a red line. We define h(n) to be the minimum number with the following property. Given any arrangement A(L) of n blu...

background: limiting dilution assay is considered as the gold standard method for quantifying the number of parasites in the animal model of leishmania infection. nowadays, real-time pcr is being increasingly applied to quantify infectious agents. in the present study , a real-time pcr assay was developed to estimate para­site burdens in lymph nodes of leishmania major infected balb/c mice. enu...

Background: Toll like receptors play a major role in immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated L. major and TLR4 agonist in protection against L. major infection. Methods: Attenuated L. major was prepared by continuous sub-culturing of the parasite. A total of 90 mice were assigned to 9 groups including 6 groups of BAL...

We introduce McCullagh’s Proportional Odds as the foundation for modern Ordinal Regression approaches. Proportional Odds introduced the ideas of (1) mapping examples to the real number line, and (2) segmenting the real number line using a set of thresholds. We compare against two modern approaches to Ordinal Regression which use the framework established by Proportional Odds and find some surpr...