Researchers studying religious experience have identified callings as a particularly salient context in which believers describe God’s presence. They noted standard elements that make up call narratives, along with variation how recipients articulate both the vertical call, intervention believer’s life, and horizontal community’s response. However, these are combined to produce culturally reson...

refinement of the basis of a ruling (tanqīḥ al-manāṭ) is one of the rules of principles of jurisprudence, which is applied to the process of inference and for achieving the basis of a ruling (manāṭ). in general, it is a type of generalization of the rulings that have been issued for specific events and instances and in this way those features of the specific event or person that are not effecti...

In this paper, we consider sufficient conditions for ruling out some useless iteration steps in a class of softdecision iterative decoding algorithms for binary block codes used over the AWGN channel using BPSK signaling. Sufficient conditions for ruling out the next single decoding step, called ruling-out conditions and those for ruling out all the subsequent iteration steps, called early term...