Many classes of structures have natural functions and relations on them: concatentation of linear orders, direct product of groups, disjoint union of equivalence structures, and so on. Here, we study the (un)decidability of the theory of several natural classes of structures with appropriate functions and relations. For some of these classes of structures, the resulting theory is decidable; for...

We describe how the Harry Dym equation fits into the the bi-Hamiltonian formalism for the Korteweg-de Vries equation and other soliton equations. This is achieved by means of a certain Poisson pencil constructed from two compatible Poisson structures. We obtain an analogue of the Kadomtsev-Petviashivili hierarchy whose reduction leads to the Harry Dym hierarchy. We call such system the HD-KP hi...

In this paper our aim is to present new model on bi-polar fuzzy-rough control theory. Fuzzy control theory has very successful established applications in many real-life situations, while Rough control has a few. But hybridization of these two control theories arise a wider applications. For practical needs, large complex systems (such as room temperature control, stabilization of pendulum-car)...

This study accounts for the observed patterns of variation and ambiguity in the expression and interpretation of aspect in bare habitual statements in Polish in the framework of Bouma’s (2008) recent version of stratified bi-directional Optimality Theory (OT).

Bidirectional transformations (bx) are mathematics-based formalisms used in applied computer science for maintaining the consistency of two (or more) related data structures [4]. Researchers from many different areas including software engineering (SE), programming languages (PL), databases (DB), and graph transformation (GT) are actively investigating the use of bx to solve a diverse set of pr...

The electronic structures of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts have been calculated with and without Bi 5d states using the experimental lattice parameters, via the plane-wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory (DFT). BiOF exhibits a direct band gap of 3.22 or 3.12 eV corresponding to the adoption of Bi 5d states or not. The indirect band gaps of BiOCl, BiOBr, and Bi...

We propose to model breast tissue in mammograms covering both density and tissue patterns. The breast tissue density modelling is based on the global density distribution of the breast region. We segment the whole breast region into a number of uniform density sub-regions and construct an overall density model of the breast using the relative proportions of these sub-regions. The breast tissue ...

Abstract The different rates of thermal expansion the many materials that make up an electronic assembly combined with temperature fluctuations are driver fatigue failure solder joints. A characteristic Sn-Bi system, which provided basis for low process alloys electronics industry is now adopting, very temperature-sensitive solubility Bi and Sn in other phase. In this study, situ synchrotron po...

Sb atoms in In3SbTe2 (IST) are partially substituted by 3.2-5.5 at.% of Bi atoms. As a result, the NaCl crystal structure of IST is slightly distorted. The distorted inter-planar angles observed with fast Fourier transformation of the lattice images are within the maximum range of interplanar angles calculated by density functional theory. When the Bi content is increased, the crystallization t...

BaBiO3 is a material where formally Bi 4+ ions with the half-filled 6s-states form the alternating set of Bi and Bi ions resulting in a charge ordered insulator. The charge ordering is accompanied by the breathing distortion of the BiO6 octahedra (extension and contraction of the Bi-O bond lengths). Standard Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations fail to obtain the crystal structure insta...