Obtaining multifunctionality from microstructures instead of constituents provides a new direction for developing multifunctional materials. Periodic hollow sphere foams (HSFs) offer one lightweight structural motif with open and closed cells, high energy absorption, low thermal conductivity, snap-through instability, triple-negative material indices. Here, we investigate the direction-dependen...

The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts plays an important role in the application solar energy conversion. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with anatase crystalline phase is well-known as semiconductor thin layers for cells. This work has constructed a novel TiO2 hollow sphere (HST) 2-step synthesis. first step coating SiO2 template to build core-shell SiO2@TiO2 (CSST). second etching via son...

Hollow nano-objects have raised interest in applications such as sensing, encapsulation, and drug-release. Here we report on a new class of porous materials, namely inorganic nanotube aerogels that, unlike other aerogels, have a framework consisting of inorganic hollow nanotubes. First we show a preparation method for titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide nanotube aerogels based on a...

In a novel design of lithium-ion batteries, hollow electrode particles coated with stiff shells are used to mitigate mechanical and chemical degradation. In particular, silicon anodes of such coreeshell nanostructures have been cycled thousands of times with little capacity fading. To reduce weight and to facilitate lithium diffusion, the shell should be thin. However, to avert fracture and deb...

Diabatic heating fromdeepmoist convection in the hurricane eyewall produces a towering annular structure of elevated potential vorticity (PV). is structure has been referred to as a hollow PV tower. e sign reversal of the radial gradient of PV satises the Charney-Stern necessary condition for combined barotropic-baroclinic instability. For thin enough annular structures, small perturbations gr...

Hollow hard shell particles of 200 nm and 2 micron diameter with a 10 nm thick porous silica shell have been synthesized using polystyrene templates and a sol-gel process. The template ensures than the hollow particles are monodispersed, while the charged silica surface ensures that they remain suspended in solution for weeks. When filled with perfluorocarbon gas, the particles behave as an eff...

Growth of CdS was studied in three different liquid crystalline phases demonstrating the versatility of liquid crystal templating of inorganic solids. Semiconductor growth in a hexagonal liquid crystal yielded a nanostructure with hexagonal symmetry, a lamellar liquid crystal yielded a lamellar nanostructure, and a cubic liquid crystal (consisting of spherical micelles) yielded a hollow, spheri...

This article presents the analysis of functionally graded thick hollow cylinders under dynamic load. The functionally graded cylinder is assumed to be made of many subcylinders. Each subcylinder is considered as an isotropic layer. Material’s properties in each layer are constant and functionally graded properties are resulted by suitable arrangement of layers in multilayer cylinder. The proper...