We examine the elastic shear waves generated in a thin pre-stressed elastomer layer that is sandwiched between two relatively thick steel plates and is subjected to an elastic shear wave traveling in one of the steel plates. The elastomer layer has been deformed in uni-axial strain in advance, producing in the layer very large axial and lateral compressive stresses of the order of its bulk modu...

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is demonstrated to have the sensitivity to characterize nanometer-thick water layers on the surfaces of a parallel-plate metal waveguide. The measured far-infrared absorption and index of refraction of the 20-nm water layers are in reasonable self-consistent agreement with those of bulk water.

The bifurcation of an incompressible neo-Hookean thick hyperelastic plate with a ratio of thickness to length η and subject to pure bending is considered within a plane-strain framework. The two incremental equilibrium equations corresponding to a nonlinear prebuckling state of strain are reduced to a fourth-order linear eigenproblem that displays a multiple turning point. It is found that for ...

The bifurcation of an incompressible neo-Hookean thick hyperelastic plate with a ratio of thickness to length η and subject to pure bending is considered within a plane-strain framework. The two incremental equilibrium equations corresponding to a nonlinear prebuckling state of strain are reduced to a fourth-order linear eigenproblem that displays a multiple turning point. It is found that for ...

The flat surface of a Cu plate was processed by incremental frictional sliding at liquid nitrogen temperature. The surface treatment results in a hardened gradient surface layer as thick as 1 mm in the Cu plate, which contains a nanostructured layer on the top with a boundary spacing of the order of 100 nm. The boundary spacing increases with increasing distance from the surface, and is accompa...

We report the peculiar behavior of the oblique impacts of a single sphere on stationary like spheres arranged in a tetrahedral array. We compare the resulting kinematic coefficient of normal restitution to that in impacts on a single sphere attached to a thick plate and in binary impacts. The results provide detailed insight into the generation of ejecta in the saltation process.

The generalized plane strain quasi-static thermoelastic deformations of laminated anisotropic thick plates are analyzed by using the Eshelby±Stroh formalism. The laminated plate consists of homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. The three-dimensional equations of linear anisotropic thermoelasticity simpli®ed to the case of generalized plane strain deformations are exactly satis®ed at eve...

Sporocysts of Isospora endocallimici, a parasite of marmosets, were exposed to minimal essentials medium (MEM) or a trypsin-bile salt solution (TBS) and then fixed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Excystation occurred in TBS but not MEM. The sporocyst wall has 2 layers, a thin outer layer (15 to 110 nm thick) and a thick inner layer (65 to 180 nm thick), which is composed of 4...

Solution representations are available for severeal differential equations. For elasticity problems some of the solution representations are considered in this paper. The solution representations can be used for a systematic construction of Trefftz functions for the derivation of Trefftz-type finite elements. For the example of a thick plate a set of Trefftz functions is presented.

Jaws of various kinds occur in virtually all groups of Mollusca, except for Polyplacophora and Bivalvia. Molluscan jaws are formed by the buccal epithelium and either constitute a single plate, a paired formation or a serial structure. Buccal ectodermal structures in gastropods are rather different. They can be nonrenewable or having final growth, like the hooks in Clione (Gastropoda, Gymnosoma...