objectives this study tried to codify the recommendations of iranian traditional medicine (itm) by studying the main medical manuscripts. the second purpose was to compare these findings with new medical information. materials and methods cardinal traditional medical and pharmacological texts from 10th to 18th century were searched for traditional terms of dementia (nesyan, fisad-uz-zekr, faram...

The collapse of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks throughout North-Western Europe is generally ascribed to large-scale river regulation, water pollution and over-fishing in the 19(th) and 20(th) century. However, other causes have rarely been quantified, especially those acting before the 19(th) century. By analysing historical fishery, market and tax statistics, independently confirmed by a...

Building on recent studies, we attempt hemiWarm Epoch (though Lamb, examining evidence mostly spheric temperature reconstructions with proxy data netfrom western Europe, never suggested this was a global works for the past millennium. We focus not just on the phenomenon). We here apply the methodology detailed by reconstructions, but the uncertainties therein, and imporMBH98 to the sparser prox...

We present new sea-level reconstructions for the past 2100 y based on salt-marsh sedimentary sequences from the US Atlantic coast. The data from North Carolina reveal four phases of persistent sea-level change after correction for glacial isostatic adjustment. Sea level was stable from at least BC 100 until AD 950. Sea level then increased for 400 y at a rate of 0.6 mm/y, followed by a further ...

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A highly purified hybrid human leukocyte interferon, IFN-alpha AD, produced in Escherichia coli, has been used to define optimum treatment conditions for L1210 leukemia in mice. Treatments prior to tumor inoculation were ineffective. Treatments from the third day post-tumor inoculation were most effective, and treatments every third day were more effective than were regimens involving more freq...