This first study of trihalomethanes (THMs) in swimming pools using bromine agents for water disinfection under real conditions shows that the mixtures of these compounds are largely dominated by bromoform in a similar process as chloroform becomes the dominant THM in pools disinfected with chlorine agents. Bromoform largely predominates in air and water of the pool installations whose concentra...

Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrheal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 2.2 million deaths per year. The Safe Water System (SWS) is a proven household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrheal disease incidence in users in developing countries. Because the SWS recommends the addition of sodium hypochlorite to unfiltered w...

Disinfection by-product (DBP) exposure characterization studies are often based on the analysis of a limited number of samples collected from a distribution system (DS) in which DBP levels are variable over time and space. A compositing technique was developed to simplify the sample collection procedures for integrating over temporal variations in DBPs measured in terms of trihalomethanes (THMs...

Disinfection of drinking water is regarded as one of the major public health achievements of the twentieth century, resulting in drastic reductions in diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. However, potentially hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs) can form when water treatment chemicals interact with other compounds in the water. In this issue of EHP, investigators assess the reproduc...

The brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products frequently found in chlorinated drinking water. They can be activated to mutagens by the product of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1++-1) gene in Salmonella RSJ100, which has been transfected with this gene. To evaluate this phenomenon in humans, we have examined the genotoxicity of a bromina...

The Reliable Autonomous Surface Mobility (RASM) architecture and algorithms model terrains, plan paths, and control motion to enable rovers to navigate autonomously through kilometers of barren terrain. We have developed requirements for rovers from the needs of field investigations and mission scenarios of the last decade. Thus far the RASM architecture has been ported to five rovers and teste...

Abs ' t rae t In this paper , a class of algori thms for the problem of system identification in ~ are investigated. These algorithms are characterized by a two-stage structure and involve a class of window functions. Some conditions in terms of properties of the window functions are derived, which guarantee robust convergence of the algorithms. Identification errors are analyzed for several co...

Abstract The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and anthropogenic (AOM) in polluted river water leads to the formation carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination process. This study aimed determine trihalomethanes (THMs) formation, as regulated DBPs, tropical water. samples were taken from Citarum River, Bandung, Indonesia. NOM AOM characterized using UV 254 , 355 ul...