since the introduction of engine-driven nickel-titanium (niti) instruments, attempts have been made to minimize or eliminate their inherent defects, increase their surface hardness/flexibility and also improve their resistance to cyclic fatigue and cutting efficiency. the various strategies of enhancing instrument surface include ion implantation, thermal nitridation, cryogenic treatment and el...

one distinct concentration of copper ions was embedded into the silica matrix to xerogel form using copper source cu(no3)2∙3h2o. the xerogel samples were prepared with using hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl ortho-silicate (teos) by the sol-gel method. in this investigation, new molar ratio of h2o/teos was determined to be 11.7. also, the necessary amount of tri-hydrated coppe...

background: irreversible electroporation (ire) is a novel tumor ablation technique. ire is associated with high electrical fields and is often reported in conjunction with thermal damage caused by joule heating. for good response to surgery it is crucial to produce minimum thermal damage in both tumoral and healthy tissues named non-thermal irreversible electroporation(ntire). non-thermal irrev...

various concentrations of copper were embedded into silica matrix to xerogel forms using copper source cu(no3)2∙3h2o. the xerogel samples were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl ortho-silicate (teos) with determination of new molar ratio of the components by the sol-gel method. after ambient drying, the xerogel samples were heated from 60 to 1000˚c at a slow heating rate (50°...

introduction: tracking temporal changes of temperature during laser skin treatment plays an important role in improving the process of laser skin treatment itself. there are a number of methods to analyze temperature’s temporal dependency during laser skin treatment; some of those methods depend on imaging the skin with thermal cameras. however, the use of thermal cameras exhibits specific prob...

The results of interpretation monitoring observations radon-220 (thoron) and radon-222 observations, carried out in 2002-2004 on the Northern Tien-Shan, are presented. Prognostic capabilities thoron as a short-term earthquakes precursor shown. It is noted that anomalies more contrast comparison with radon-222. Insufficient explained by methodological seismic radon stations. behavior during eart...

This study aimed to investigate the differences in relationship between radon and its progeny concentrations particulate matter under varying pollution weather conditions. Outdoor were measured by a radon/thoron- radon/thoron monitor (ERS-RDM-2S) during haze dust storm Beijing. Particulate meteorological data simultaneously recorded. Results showed that exhibited diurnal variation pattern, with...

The average radiation dose received by humans each year as natural background is 2.4 mSv and long-term exposure to such harmful can be severely hazardous. According the BEIR-VI report, radon (222Rn) alone accounts for higher than 50% of all ambient from sources. Thus, its quantification essential evaluate any risk imposed human health. Newly created LR-115 films embedded in pinhole detectors ha...