Dental anatomical variations play a significant role in the diagnosis and a successful treatment outcome in endodontics. It is essential for the clinician to have a clear picture and understanding of the pulpal anatomy and its variations. In a mandibular second premolar, it is rare to find extra roots and canals. The aim of the present article is to report a case about the successful diagnosis,...

The effect of salinity was assessed on the activity of some major antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), in the seedlings’ roots or shoots of three winter canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Colvert (tolerant), Symbol (semi tolerant) and Agat (susceptible). Seedlings were treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h in hydropoic c...

Rubus imperialis, Artemia salina, 3-O-methylellagic-4'-O-alpha-rhamnose Acid Screening of different extracts, fractions and compounds from Rubus imperialis Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) has been conduced using the brine shrimp microwell cytotoxicity assay. Three parts of the plant (methanolic extract from leaves, roots and stems), three fractions from roots (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and thre...

Human urine is a potential alternative fertilizer for agriculture. However, its usage is associated with a risk of spreading pharmaceutical residues to fields. The individual and combined behavior of carbamazepine and ibuprofen was investigated by GC/MS analysis in a greenhouse experiment using ryegrass fertilized with pharmaceutical-spiked urine. Only carbamazepine could be detected in soil, r...

The separate distolingual (DL) roots of three-rooted mandibular first molars are thought to be too difficult for performing apical surgery. This article represents microsurgical treatment of a three-rooted mandibular first molar with a separate DL root. The procedure includes incision and flap retraction, osteotomy, apicoectomy, retropreparation and retrofilling of the root canal, using micro i...

The growth dynamics and phenolic content of mulberry (Morus sp.) fine roots (<1 mm diameter) were determined and examined in relationship to rhizosphere remediation of recalcitrant soil contaminants. Root turnover measurements of rhizotron-grown plants showed that 58% of the fine roots produced during a 6-month growing season (June-November) died at the end of the season. The concentration of p...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether endodontically retreated teeth filled with Resilon are more resistant to fracture than those filled with guttapercha following hand or rotary removal techniques. Seventy-two upper anterior human teeth were selected, decoronated and reduced to 12 mm. The canals were shaped using rotary ProTaper files and randomly assigned into two groups (n=36). O...