There is little standardization of how to measure cycling gross efficiency (GE). Therefore, the purposes of these studies were to evaluate the effect of: i) stage duration, ii) relative exercise intensity, iii) work capacity and iv) a prior maximal incremental test on GE. Trained subjects (n=28) performed incremental tests with stage durations of 1-, 3-, and 6-min to establish the effect of sta...

We study an overlapping generations model of human capital accumulation with threshold effects using regional data for West Germany. Our basic goal is to shed light on what makes German regions grow. The paper finds that the relative income distribution appears to be stratifying into a trimodal distribution. Thus, application of the threshold model to a real world case, here West Germany, shows...

The dimpling in the CuO2 planes of overdoped Y1−yCayBa2Cu3 O6.96−6.98, (y = 0.02−0.2) has been measured by x-ray absorption-fine-structure spectroscopy (Y-K EXAFS). A step-like decrease around 12% Ca indicates a percolation threshold for distorted sites of 5 cells, and thus phase segregation. We conclude the charge carriers added by substitution of Y by Ca to be trapped at the Ca sites and thei...

A linear threshold element computes a function that is a sign of a weighted sum of the input variables. The weights are arbitrary integers; actually, they can be very big integers| exponential in the number of the input variables. While in the present literature a distinction is made between the two extreme cases of linear threshold functions with polynomial-size weights as opposed to those wit...

Rebates that reward economic agents if they meet a minimum conservation threshold are popular policy to encourage energy conservation. However, most threshold-based rebates structured such do not reduction beyond the threshold. In this paper, I show theoretically programs with additional feature households compete win can effectively further among those who reduction. The theory also identifies...

This paper is devoted to the study of finite element approximations of variational inequalities with a special nonlinearity coming from boundary conditions. After re-writing the problems in the form of variational inequalities, a fixed point strategy is used to show existence of solutions. Next we prove that the finite element approximations for the Stokes and Navier Stokes equations converge r...

Three basic auditory abilities were measured in 21 visually impaired college students and 21 sighted college students with same age and gender composition. The measurement consists of the hearing level of 11 tones, masking thresholds of same 11 tones masked by 80dB narrow band noises and frequency difference limens (FDL) of 3 tones. The results indicate that all the three auditory abilities of ...

The objective of the study was to verify whether young males' balance was affected by 30min prolonged treadmill running (TR) at individual ventilatory (IVT) and anaerobic (IAT) thresholds in recovery time. The VO2max, IAT and IVT during an incremental TR were determined. Mean displacement amplitude (Acp) and velocity (Vcp) of center of pressure were recorded before (pre) and after (0min post; 5...

Realistic network-like systems are usually composed of multiple networks with interacting relations such as school-enterprise research and development (R&D) collaboration networks. Here we study the percolation properties of a special kind of that R&D collaboration networks, namely institute-enterprise R&D collaboration networks (IERDCNs). We introduce two actual IERDCNs to show their structura...

This study aimed to estimate the power/time relationship from a single ramp test (RT) assuming critical power (Pc) from ventilatory threshold (VT) and energy reserve (W') from total work during RT These estimates from single RT were compared to those from a series of 4 constant power exercises (CPT) and from a series of 4 RT. Only W' from CPT was higher than from the series of RT and from singl...