Venous thrombosis is associated with Virchow’s triad. This involves the combination of hypercoagulability, damage to the vessel endothelium and haemodynamic changes in the form of stasis or turbulence. These features ultimately contribute to thrombosis formation (Heit 2008). Venous thrombosis can affect the eyes, resulting in serious ocular symptoms and is a significant cause of vision loss wor...

introduction: extreme altitude travel has gained popularity globally for adventurous, scientific, and military endeavors. cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (cvst) at extreme altitude is a rare, covert, and emergent condition requiring immediate intervention. case presentation: a case of cvst masqueraded as high altitude cerebral edema (hace) at 6700 m/22000 ft in karakoram himalayas. atypical ol...

background rheumatismal mitral stenosis is less common today than it was several decades ago, but it is a common cause of mitral stenosis (ms) in the developing world. mitral valve stenosis symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath especially with exertion. objectives the purpose of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of left atrial (la) thrombus and the ...

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infection-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (cvst) is a rare cerebral vascular diseases which has no pathognomonic sign or definite diagnostic approach. it is crucial to early suspect and recognize the disease to lower morbidity and mortality of it. however, its low incidence and atypic presentation often leads to misdiagnosis and treatment delay which increase complications and mortalit...

a common complication of prosthetic heart valves is thrombosis. although the incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis (pvt) in the tricuspid position is high, there are not enough data on the management of it, in contrast to left-sided pvt. here, we describe three cases of tricuspid pvt with three different management approaches: thrombolytic therapy; close observation with oral anticoagulants;...

one of the leading causes of death in the world are cardiovascular diseases, among which coronary artery disease (cad) is the most common one. it occurs as a result of narrowing of the arteries which supply blood to the heart due to a theroma plaque formation. this kind of heart disease can be considered as a multifactorial one as genetic and environmental factors are involved in its incidence....

the main goal of this report was to share with clinicians an atypical presentation of pulmonary thromboembolism (pte) in a young male`s post-appendectomy, whom he had no significant predisposing factors for such disease. the case also introduced for re-examining the challenges of pte clinical manifestations which may mimic other differential diagnosis. pte is an abrupt blockage of the pulmonary...

Renal vein thrombosis has been divided into four main groups (Harrison, Milne, and Steiner, 1956): it may be secondary to thrombosis or obstruction of the inferior vena cava; it may occur as a primary renal vein thrombosis; or it may complicate renal disease. Many renal diseases have been associated with renal vein thrombosis, including renal amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and...

Aseptic cortical venous thrombosis is rare without concomitant dural sinus thrombosis. Ulcerative colitis is associated with both dural sinus thrombosis and isolated cortical venous thrombosis. We describe a 26-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis who had a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. An overlying thrombosed cortical vein was identified on spin-echo MR images and confirmed with angiograp...