Observations of the stellar initial mass function are reviewed. The IMF is flat, or possibly declining, below several tenths of a Solar mass, and declining above this mass in a power law with a slope of about −1.35 on a log-log plot. The flattening at low mass is evidence for a characteristic mass in star formation, which, according to recent theory, may be either the minimum stellar mass for t...

Human language, over its evolutionary history, has emerged as one of the fundamental defining characteristic of the modern man. However, this milestone evolutionary process through natural selection has not left any ’linguistic fossils’ that may enable us to trace back the actual course of development of language and its establishment in human societies. Lacking analytical tools to fathom the cr...

The paper highlights events of manufacturing’s evolution and metamorphosis over a period of 60 years (as noted by the first author) and offers some observations on key developments and activities. It includes, principally, the reflections of professional activities of the first author and discussions of how manufacturing is evolving to accommodate the current and expected trends in manufacturin...

the goal of the study was analyzing the conceptual relationship between utopianism and education evolution. the study was conducted analytically relying on reviewing and deriving relevant targeted information. they were derived and categorized from reliable sources. to conduct this, at first it was conceptualized the utopia and then was reviewed the thoughts of the most famous utopians: plato, ...

discussion about islamic culture and civilization and elements of its evolution and development is complex and needs comprehensive review. why and how islam emerged among arabs who in comparison with other nations had not enjoyed considerable background and civilization and could develop and unite them, is a basic issue and deserves a separate review. but the issue that development and evolutio...