background beta-thalassemia is the most common hematology disease in human and leptin is one of the hormone that produce by adiposities cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum leptin level and thyroid hormones in children with major beta-thalassemia. materials and methods this descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on 90 children aged 6-16 yea...

Introduction The occurrence of thyroid cancer after irradiation of the neck has been recognized for 30 years (Duffy and Fitzgerald, 1950). This has usually followed low dose radiotherapy for conditions such as thymic enlargement, acne vulgaris and tuberculous adenitis (Paloyan and Laurence, 1978; Hempelmann et al., 1967). High dose radiotherapy of the neck as employed in Hodgkin's disease has b...

Teratomas are tumors consisting of tissues derived from more than one germ cell line. Criteria for pulmonary origin exclusion a gonadal or other extra-gonadal primary site and entirely within the lung. The intrapulmonary teratoma (IPT) is rare type which often presents with nonspecific symptoms wrongly can be diagnosed as diseases. Here we report patient IPT who was initially misdiagnosed asper...

A 49-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department for evaluation of a thyroid nodule. She underwent subtotal thyroidectomy with modified neck dissection for a follicular thyroid carcinoma, suspected on preoperative diagnosis. The histological diagnosis was tuberculous thyroiditis. She made an uneventful recovery and received antituberculous agents. At follow-up she remains well and is...

The patient, a Caucasian woman, was referred for further assessment following a chest radiograph (Figure 1) suggestive of pulmonary metastases. She had a one-week history of increasing fatigue and cough productive of clear sputum.Not improving on a course of amoxicillin, she developed subjective fevers, and reduced appetite. She was an ex-smoker with a 1-pack/year history. She previously worked...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Declared as a global emergency in 1993 by the WHO, its control is hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, two key drugs in the treatment of the disease. More recently, severe forms of drug resistance such as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) ...

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be conferred by mutations in gyrA or gyrB. The prevalence of resistance mutations outside the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA or gyrB is unclear, since such regions are rarely sequenced. M. tuberculosis isolates from 1,111 patients with newly diagnosed culture-confirmed tuberculosis diagnosed in Tennessee from 2...

Infectious diseases caused by clinically important Mycobacteria continue to be an important public health problem worldwide primarily due to emergence of drug resistance crisis. In recent years, the control of tuberculosis (TB), the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) an...