Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells (CTLs) contain virus infections through the release of granules containing both perforin and granzymes. T cell 'exhaustion' is a hallmark of chronic persistent viral infections including HIV. The inhibitory regulatory molecule, T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain containing 3 (Tim-3) is induced on HIV-specific T cells in chronic progressive infection. These Tim-3 exp...

Two proteins, TIM and PER, physically interact to control circadian cycles of tim and per transcription in Drosophila melanogaster. In the present study the structure of TIM protein expressed by D. virilis was determined by isolation and sequence analysis of genomic DNA (gDNA) corresponding to the D. virilis tim locus (v tim ). Comparison of v tim and m tim gDNA revealed high conservation of th...

Theorem 1.1 If k ≥ c logm 2 for a sufficiently large constant c, then there is a randomized algorithm with expected polynomial running time that, with probability 1, outputs a feasible allocation with welfare at least 1− times the maximum possible. ∗ c ©2014, Tim Roughgarden. †Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 462 Gates Building, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305. Email: tim...

T cell immunoglobulin-domain and mucin-domain (TIM) proteins constitute a receptor family that was identified first on kidney and liver cells; recently it was also shown to be expressed on T cells. TIM-1 and -3 receptors denote different subsets of T cells and have distinct regulatory effects on T cell function. Ferritin is a spherical protein complex that is formed by 24 subunits of H- and L-f...

A procedure was developed to analyze glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TIMs). The procedure entailed dissociating tumors into single cell suspensions with a concurrent metabolic labeling of GSLs using [14C]galactose. TIMs were then separated from tumor cells and other host cells by magnetic activated cell sorting and CD11b (Mac-1) microbeads. Gangliosides and neutral ...

results modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including allium sativum, artemisia absinthium, citrullus colocynthis, laurus nobilis, mentha pulegium, myrtus communis, nerium oleander, ocimum basilicum, and origanum majorana. however, in the cases of plants like iris florentina and malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern ...

BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) has been identified as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies highlight the important role of Tim-3 in the CD8(+) T cell exhaustion that takes place in both human and animal cancer models. However, the nature of Tim-3 expression in the tumor cell and the mechanism by which it inhibits anti-tumor immunity are unclear. This pre...

The inhibitory receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) has emerged as a critical regulator of the T-cell dysfunction that develops in chronic viral infections and cancers. However, little is known regarding the signalling pathways that drive Tim-3 expression. Here, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-27 induces nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated (NFIL3), which promotes p...

In the Drosophila circadian clock, period (per) and its partner, timeless (tim), play a central role in the negative limb of an autoregulatory feedback loop. Unlike per, the dosage of which affects the frequency (tau) of the circadian cycle, we found that increasing copies of the tim gene has no effect on clock period length. The use of the tim promoter to express per results in a shortening of...