This paper discusses a formal architecture model which can cope with a wide range of architectures from CPU design to parallel supercomputers. The model is derived from circuit theory but it also comprises some technology parameters. In particular, it permits to evaluate the cost eeectiveness of computer architec-tures and to analyze cost/time trade-oos with very reasonable eeort. The paper als...

We develop a stochastic model of a simple protocol for the self-configuration of IP network interfaces. We describe the mean cost that incurs during a selfconfiguration phase and describe a trade-off between reliability and speed. We derive a cost function which we use to derive optimal parameters. We show that optimal cost and optimal reliability are qualities that cannot be achieved at the sa...

Green hydrogen is expected to be traded globally in future greenhouse gas neutral energy systems. However, there still a lack of temporally- and spatially-explicit cost-potentials for green considering the full process chain, which are necessary creating effective global strategies. Therefore, this study provides such detailed cost-potential-curves 28 selected countries worldwide until 2050, us...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: F12 J50 L11 Keywords: Free entry Labour union Trade cost In contrast to the existing partial equilibrium literature considering the effects of a trade cost reduction on unionised wage under a given market structure, we show the effects by determining the domestic market structure endogenously. A lower trade cost reduces the number of active domestic fir...

In this paper, we propose a method of determining the opportunity cost of leisure time with an empirical recreation demand application. Typically, the opportunity cost of leisure time is assumed to be some fraction of the wage rate. This practice has limitations. First , it assumes that individuals can trade time for money at their wage. Second, it offers no guidance as to how to value the time...

The extensive interests correlated with component-based technologies blend: evolution of condensed system, brisk induction, lessened cost, amplify quality, and curtailed system evolution and diminished maintenance cost. The increment in time has given upswing to the development of standard component-based specifications and the significance of CBD has developed swiftly in the embedded system tr...