Continued legislative pressure to reduce exhaust emissions from CI (compression ignition) has resulted in the development of advanced fuel injection equipment. This advanced injection system produces higher temperatures and pressures at the injector tip, where deposit formation is initiated. In this research, an endurance test was carried out for 250 h on 2 fuel samples; DF (diesel fuel) as bas...

Inactivation by GABA is a powerful tool for studying the function of specific cortical regions. It is especially useful in electrophysiology, because inactivation is reversible within short time periods, and because the extent of the inactivated region can be accurately controlled. Iontophoresis of GABA inactivates neurons up to 300 microm around the micropipette. Pressure injection of GABA ina...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The recommendations for the level of injection and ideal placement of the needle tip required for successful ultrasound-guided sciatic popliteal block vary among authors. A hypothesis was made that, when the local anesthetic is injected at the division of the sciatic nerve within the common connective tissue sheath, the block has a higher success rate than an injection ...

AIM This paper is the report of a study to determine whether changing the needle before administering an intramuscular injection could reduce pain, and to investigate gender differences in pain perception. BACKGROUND A skilled injection technique can make the patient's experience less painful and avoid unnecessary complications, and the use of separate needles to draw up and administer medica...

INTRODUCTION Local anesthetic injection medialization of the paralyzed or paretic vocal fold has become the mainstay of management in the voice clinic in recent years. The popularity of this technique compared to suspension microlaryngoscopy and injection has grown for several reasons: avoidance of general anesthesia, avoidance of risks of rigid laryngoscopy, short procedure time, real-time ass...

Abstract This work presents the experimental results of a fluid dynamic investigation to characterize injection supercritical water in combustion chamber an internal engine. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis is carried out optically accessible 2-stroke Diesel A prechamber, equipped with two optical accesses connected main cylinder through tangential duct so that piston stroke induces sw...

Characteristics of rotor blade tip clearance flow in axial compressors can significantly affect their performance and stable operation. It may also increase blade vibrations and cause detrimental noises. Therefore, this paper is contributed to investigate tip leakage flow in a low speed isolated axial compressor rotor blades row. Simulations are carried out on near-stall condition, which is val...

We report a highly efficient, simple, and non-infective method for labeling individual long-range projection neurons (LRPNs) in a specific location with enough sparseness and intensity to allow complete and unambiguous reconstructions of their entire axonal tree. The method is based on the "in vivo" transfection of a large RNA construct that drives the massive expression of green fluorescent pr...

The P22-like bacteriophages have short tails. Their virions bind to their polysaccharide receptors through six trimeric tailspike proteins that surround the tail tip. These short tails also have a trimeric needle protein that extends beyond the tailspikes from the center of the tail tip, in a position that suggests that it should make first contact with the host's outer membrane during the infe...