Temporal determinants of olfactory long-term memory retention in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus were studied. Elementary appetitive and aversive conditioning procedures, as well as a differential conditioning procedure, were applied. In appetitive conditioning, peppermint odour was paired with a water reward. In aversive conditioning, vanilla odour was paired with saline solution. In different...

Introduction. Valvular heart disease is a common diagnosis worldwide, with many of these patients eventually needing an operative intervention. There are significant limitations to existing heart valve replacements, including their inability to grow with patients, a life-time anticoagulation therapy with mechanical valves, and progressive tissue degeneration with bioscaffolds. Tissue-engineerin...

Immunosuppression, myeloablation, and the use of immunologically immature tissue can overcome major histocompatibility complex barriers by inducing tolerance. With the goal of inducing tolerance to BALB/c-derived murine hybridoma cells producing the 4C6 monoclonal antibody (mAb), we transplanted BALB/c fetal tissue into neonatal pigs during a regimen of low-dose conditioning with busulfan and c...

complications and TRM? In contrast to the cohort of Bunjes the majority of our patients suffered from Philadelphia chromosome–positive ALL. Several studies demonstrated a high TRM in patients with this disease.2,3 However, this does not explain the high frequency of acute intestinal GvHD. The second obvious difference was the use of unmanipulated grafts or early incremental T-cell add backs. We...

PURPOSE Since stretching plays a key role in skeletal muscle tissue development in vivo, by making use of an innovative bioreactor and a biodegradable microfibrous scaffold (DegraPol(R)) previously developed by our group, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical conditioning on the development of skeletal muscle engineered constructs, obtained by seeding and culturing murine skeletal mu...

complications and TRM? In contrast to the cohort of Bunjes the majority of our patients suffered from Philadelphia chromosome–positive ALL. Several studies demonstrated a high TRM in patients with this disease.2,3 However, this does not explain the high frequency of acute intestinal GvHD. The second obvious difference was the use of unmanipulated grafts or early incremental T-cell add backs. We...

RATIONALE The developing heart requires both mechanical load and vascularization to reach its proper size, yet the regulation of human heart growth by these processes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We seek to elucidate the responses of immature human myocardium to mechanical load and vascularization using tissue engineering approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS Using human embryonic stem cell an...

Memory is composed of several different abilities that are supported by different brain systems. The distinction between declarative (conscious) and nondeclarative (non-conscious) memory has proved useful in understanding the nature of eyeblink classical conditioning - the best understood example of classical conditioning in vertebrates. In delay conditioning, the standard procedure, conditioni...

Studies of differential eyeblink conditioning (CS+ and CS-) have demonstrated that successful conditioning requires awareness of the stimulus contingencies and that delay conditioning does not. Two experiments were carried out to determine whether awareness is also important for single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning. In experiment 1, participants who performed a secondary, attention-demanding ...

The role of conscious cognitive processes in human affective conditioning remains controversial, with several theories arguing that such conditioning can occur without awareness of the conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (UCS) contingency. One specific type of affective conditioning in which unaware conditioning is said to occur is "evaluative conditioning." The present experiment ...