Summer season with 30C is taken as control, where as rainy season with 20C is taken as cold stress and winter season with 15C is taken as cold adaptation. During summer season (control) The Acetyl Choline Esterase Increases, fats decreases and fatty acids increases. The fatty acids are utilized by the fish for its strenuous activity during summer. During Rainy, season due to cold stress the fat...

This study focused on AflSkn7, which is a stress response regulator in the aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. The ΔAflSkn7 mutants exhibited partially defective conidial formation and a complete inability to generate sclerotia, indicating AflSkn7 affects A. flavus asexual and sexual development. The mutants tolerated osmotic stress but were partially susceptible to the effects of cell wall...

Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne pathogen with the ability to grow at cold temperatures and tolerate high osmolarity. The bacterium tolerates osmotic stress by intracellular accumulation of osmolytes, such as betaine. The proP gene and proU operon of Y. enterocolitica were sequenced, and single (ProP(-) ProU(+) and ProP(+) ProU(-)) and double (ProP(-) ProU(-)) mutants were generated. Upo...

Cells swell in response a hypoosmotic challenge. By converting osmotic pressure to hydrostatic pressure at the cell membrane via van't Hoff's law, and converting that to tension via Laplace's law one predicts that the cell membrane should stretch and become stiff. We tested this prediction using the atomic force microscopy. During osmotic swelling cells did not become stiff and generally became...

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is functionally modulated by phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Because phosphorylation regulates both normal and pathological tau functioning, it is of great interest to identify the signalling pathways and enzymes capable of modulating tau phosphorylation in vivo. The present study examined changes in tau...

The tolerance of the dune grass Leymus mollis (Triticeae; Poaceae) to various biotic and abiotic stresses makes it a very useful genetic resource for wheat breeding. Wide hybridization between L. mollis and wheat allows the introduction of Leymus chromosomes into the wheat genetic background and facilitates the integration of useful traits into wheat. However, the genetic basis controlling the ...

Salt stress is one of the major constraints for wheat cultivation inIranand leads to a considerable loss in crop yield each year. In high salinity soils, the reduced osmotic potential of soil solutes may cause physiological drought. In this study the salt tolerance of different drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes were studied by examining various agronomic and physiological traits, inclu...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human enteroinvasive pathogen that can overcome the stress caused by the high osmolarity of the human small intestine and cause systemic infection. To investigate the global transcriptional regulations of S. enterica serovar Typhi exposed to a hyperosmotic environment, a genomic oligo-DNA microarray containing 4474 Salmonella genes was prepared. A wild str...

Environmental stresses such as drought, freezing, and high salinity induce osmotic stress in plant cells. The plant response to osmotic stress involves a number of physiological and developmental changes, which are made possible, in part, by the modulation of the expression of specific genes. Phosphate-induced-1 gene (PHI-1) was first isolated from phosphate-treated phosphate-starved tobacco ce...