Introduction: Tobacco use poses a serious threat to global health. The tobacco epidemic is spreading in low- and middle-income countries, where the tobacco industries mainly target young people and women. Objective: This study aims to determine the predictors of tobacco use based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in female high school students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectiona...

In tobacco chloroplast transcripts 34 nt are efficiently edited to U. No common consensus region is present around all editing sites; however, sites can be grouped in clusters that share short common sequences. Transgene transcripts carrying either the wild-type -31/+22 or -31/+60 sequence near NTrpoB C473, an editing site within tobacco rpoB transcripts, or three different mutated sequences, w...

background: to define underlying predictors of tobacco smoking among iranian teenagers in a generalized structural equation model. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, a generalized structural equation model based on planned behavioral theory was used to explain the relationship among different factors such as demographic factors, subjective norms, and the intention to tobacco ...

Tobacco use is prevalent in adolescents and understanding factors that contribute to smoking uptake remains a critical public health priority. While there is now good support for the role of implicit (preconscious) cognitive processing in accounting for changes in drug use, these models have not been applied to tobacco use. Longitudinal analysis of smoking data presents unique problems, because...

The gene encoding the precursor to stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L. ) isolectin I was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In transgenic plants this precursor was processed to mature-sized lectin. The mature isolectin is deposited intracellularly, most likely in the vacuoles. A gene construct lacking the C-terminal 25 amino acids was also introduced in tobacco to study the role of the ...

antibodies provide a suitable tool in fundamental research and their high affinity and specificity make them invaluable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. a promising alternative to conventional antibodies are the heavy chain antibodies (vhh) of camelidae having short length, high solubility and stability are preferred to other antibody derivatives. in this study, our goal was product...

this paper seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in iran, focusing on the us office of foreign asset control’s (ofac) awarding of iran operations licenses to american tobacco companies. presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the iranian government, such the introduction of a highly desired us p...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and effect of lifestyle factors on cigarette and hookah use among adult re sidents of shiraz, iran. methods: in 2010, 1,000 participants were recruited in a multistage, random sampling cross-sectional population-based survey. results: response rate was 98%. prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.7%. among cigarette ...