Biodiesel was prepared from Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) via a two-step process. The first esterification step was explored in two ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (DSIMHSO4) and 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (MSIMHSO4). Both ILs appeared to be good candidates to replace hazardous acidic catalyst due to their exceptional proper...

Recent studies of anaerobic toluene catabolism have demonstrated a novel reaction for anaerobic hydrocarbon activation: the addition of the methyl carbon of toluene to fumarate to form benzylsuccinate. In vitro studies of the anaerobic benzylsuccinate synthase reaction indicate that the H atom abstracted from the toluene methyl group during addition to fumarate is retained in the succinyl moiet...

We investigated the reaction mechanism of a metal-unloaded zeolite-plasma hybrid system for decomposition of toluene at room temperature. Short-lived radicals and fast electrons did not contribute substantially to the reaction mechanism of toluene decomposition in the zeolite-plasma hybrid system. The main factor enhancing the reaction mechanism was gas-phase O3 directly reacting with toluene a...

sulfonic acid functionalized sba-15 as a nanoporous acid catalyst was used in the synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles 4 by the condensation of 2-aminophenol 1 and benzoyl chlorides 2 under microwave irradiation in solvent free reaction conditions. the advantages of this methodology are good product yields (60-98%), being environmentally benign, short reaction times and easy work up.

A 21-year-old woman developed severe muscle paralysis after sniffing toluene-containing thinner solution for 2 weeks. Her serum chemistries revealed severe hypokalaemia and a normal anion gap hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis secondary to renal tubular acidosis. Her initial presentation mimicked hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, but toxicology screening of her blood and urine revealed the corre...

Print workers are exposed to organic solvents, of which the systemic toxicant toluene is a main component. Toluene induces expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), an enzyme involved in its own metabolism and that of other protoxicants, including some procarcinogens. Therefore, we investigated the association between toluene exposure and the CYP2E1 response, as assessed by mRNA content in pe...